24 research outputs found
AB-QTL analysis in winter wheat: II. Genetic analysis of seedling and field resistance against leaf rust in a wheat advanced backcross population
The present study aimed to localize exotic quantitative trait locus (QTL) alleles for the improvement of leaf rust (P.triticina) resistance in an advanced backcross (AB) population, B22, which is derived from a cross between the winter wheat cultivar Batis (Triticumaestivum) and the synthetic wheat accession Syn022L. The latter was developed from hybridization of T.turgidum ssp. dicoccoides and T.tauschii. Altogether, 250 BC2F3 lines of B22 were assessed for seedling resistance against the leaf rust isolate 77WxR under controlled conditions. In addition, field resistance against leaf rust was evaluated by assessing symptom severity under natural infestation across multiple environments. Simultaneously, population B22 was genotyped with a total of 97 SSR markers, distributed over the wheat A, B and D genomes. The phenotype and genotype data were subjected to QTL analysis by applying a 3-factorial mixed model analysis of variance including the marker genotype as a fixed effect and the environments, the lines and the marker by environment interactions as random effects. The QTL analysis revealed six putative QTLs for seedling resistance and seven for field resistance. For seedling resistance, the effects of exotic QTL alleles improved resistance at all detected loci. The maximum decrease of disease symptoms (â46.3%) was associated with marker locus Xbarc149 on chromosome 1D. For field resistance, two loci had stable main effects across environments and five loci exhibited marker by environment interaction effects. The strongest effects were detected at marker locus Xbarc149 on chromosome 1D, at which the exotic allele decreased seedling symptoms by 46.3% and field symptoms by 43.6%, respectively. Some of the detected QTLs co-localized with known resistance genes, while others appear to be as novel resistance loci. Our findings indicate, that the exotic wheat accession Syn022L may be useful for the improvement of leaf rust resistance in cultivated wheat
Self management, joint protection and exercises in hand osteoarthritis: a randomised controlled trial with cost effectiveness analyses
Background: There is limited evidence for the clinical and cost effectiveness of occupational therapy (OT)
approaches in the management of hand osteoarthritis (OA). Joint protection and hand exercises have been
proposed by European guidelines, however the clinical and cost effectiveness of each intervention is unknown.
This multicentre two-by-two factorial randomised controlled trial aims to address the following questions:
⢠Is joint protection delivered by an OT more effective in reducing hand pain and disability than no joint
protection in people with hand OA in primary care?
⢠Are hand exercises delivered by an OT more effective in reducing hand pain and disability than no hand
exercises in people with hand OA in primary care?
⢠Which of the four management approaches explored within the study (leaflet and advice, joint protection, hand
exercise, or joint protection and hand exercise combined) provides the most cost-effective use of health care
resources
Methods/Design: Participants aged 50 years and over registered at three general practices in North Staffordshire
and Cheshire will be mailed a health survey questionnaire (estimated mailing sample n = 9,500). Those fulfilling the
eligibility criteria on the health survey questionnaire will be invited to attend a clinical assessment to assess for the
presence of hand or thumb base OA using the ACR criteria. Eligible participants will be randomised to one of four
groups: leaflet and advice; joint protection (looking after your joints); hand exercises; or joint protection and hand
exercises combined (estimated n = 252). The primary outcome measure will be the OARSI/OMERACT responder
criteria combining hand pain and disability (measured using the AUSCAN) and global improvement, 6 months
post-randomisation. Secondary outcomes will also be collected for example pain, functional limitation and quality
of life. Outcomes will be collected at baseline and 3, 6 and 12 months post-randomisation. The main analysis will
be on an intention to treat basis and will assess the clinical and cost effectiveness of joint protection and hand
exercises for managing hand OA.
Discussion: The findings will improve the cost-effective evidence based management of hand OA
Cognitiveg-behavioural approaches to self-management in rheumatic disease
Patients with rheumatic disease must adjust psychosocially and behaviourally in order to manage the impact of symptoms and treatment on their daily lives, and the emotional consequences of the disease. However, patients can improve their well-being by taking a proactive role in self-management, for example by using coping strategies. Support for patient self-management from clinical teams usually comprises information and advice on disease management; however, this largely didactic approach often focuses on the biomedical aspects of rheumatic disease, without addressing how these aspects interact with psychosocial factors to influence health behaviours and thus outcomes. A cognitiveg-behavioural approach based on the biopsychosocial model of rheumatic disease can facilitate the identification of effective self-management strategies through collaboration between patients and clinicians. Most patients do not require intense cognitiveg-behavioural therapy from a clinical psychologist; rather, basic cognitiveg-behavioural techniques and tools could be used by rheumatology clinical teams to expand and enhance the support already offered to patients. Š 2012 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved