Atrofia muscular no envenenamento por Bothrops jararacussu : contribuição da lesão nervosa e muscular

Orientador: Humberto Santo NetoDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de BiologiaResumo: O resumo poderá ser visualizado no texto completo da tese digitalAbstract: The abstract is available with the full electronic digital documentMestradoAnatomiaMestre em Biologia Celular e Estrutura

Effects of L-aginine and deflazacort in muscle regeneration after experimental envenoming by Bothrops jararacussu

Orientador: Humberto Santo NetoTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de BiologiaResumo: As serpentes do gênero Bothrops são responsáveis por 90% dos acidentes ofídicos. Dentre elas se destaca a B. jararacussu pela capacidade de inoculação de grande quantidade de veneno. O veneno desta espécie se caracteriza pela ação miotóxica, e esta ação causam importantes alterações locais, como a necrose das fibras musculares e conseqüentemente perda da massa muscular. No presente trabalho, estudamos os efeitos do deflazacort (glicocorticóide derivado da predinizona) e da L-Arginina (precursor do óxido nítrico) na regeneração das fibras musculares frente aos efeitos mionecróticos do veneno. Para tanto, utilizamos camundongos Swiss adultos jovens do sexo masculino. O músculo tibial anterior foi injetado com 80 µg do veneno bruto de B. jararacussu diluídos em 0,1 ml de solução fisiológica. Após as injeções dos venenos iniciaram-se a administração das drogas, com injeções intraperitoneais diárias de deflazacort na dosagem de 1,2 mg/kg por 5 e 20 dias. O segundo grupo recebeu a L-arginina junto à água de beber na concentração de 3,75 mg/ml desde o momento da injeção do veneno por 2 meses. O grupo controle foi composto por animais injetados com o veneno sem a realização de tratamento. A regeneração muscular foi avaliada no período de 2 meses e 5 dias através de cortes transversos do terço médio dos músculos, sendo corados com H&E e Tricrômico de Masson, para contagem da população total das fibras musculares e de células com núcleos centrais para análise da regeneração muscular. Quantificações da área muscular e da fibrose tecidual também foram realizadas. Identificou-se que com a L-Arginina ocorreu um aumento na regeneração muscular com a presença de maior número de fibras musculares regeneradas (2.230 ± 478) em relação ao animal injetado não tratado (1.005 ± 134). E no grupo tratado com Deflazacort observou-se um aumento da fibrose tecidual (1.077.051 ± 466.658,2; versus 777.107,3 ± 356.804,8 pixels quadrado) com número menor de fibras musculares (783,5 ± 134) em relação ao grupo não tratado. Desta forma, identificou-se o estímulo da regeneração muscular promovida pela L-arginina e o aumento da fibrose tecidual e diminuição da área muscular causado pela administração do antiinflamatório Deflazacort após o envenenamento pelo veneno bruto de B. jararacussu.Abstract: The study evaluates the effect of deflazacort (DFZ), an anti-inflammatory oxalazine derivative of prednisone, on muscle regeneration following myonecrosis experimentally induced by B. jararacussu venom. Mice (n=15) right tibialis anterioris muscle was injected with 80 µg of venom. Two groups of animals (n=10) was treated during 5 and 20 days with a daily intraperitoneal injection of deflazacort, an anti-inflammatory oxalazine derivative of prednisone (1,2 mg/kg). The third group was injected with crude venom and did not receive any pharmacological treatment. The animals were killed 5 and 60 days after envenoming and muscle regeneration was evaluated by counting the number of muscle fibers and measuring the fibrosis area. We found that in deflazacort-treated group the area of fibrosis was higher (p< 0.05) than in injected muscles without treatment (1.077.051 ± 466.658,2; versus 777.107,3 ± 356.804,8 pixels square), and the number of muscle fiber was significant different too (755 ± 84; versus 1.221 ± 102). Although it does not reach the level of muscle fiber population of uninjured tibialis anterioris muscle (3.257 ± 478). We conclude that deflazacort treatment is detrimental to muscle fiber regeneration aggravating the loss of muscle mass after B. jararacussu envenoming.DoutoradoAnatomiaDoutor em Biologia Celular e Estrutura

Insights Into The Loss Of Muscle Mass Following B. Jararacussu Venom In Mice.

Bothrops jararacussu snake venom produces myonecrosis and nerve degeneration. In this work, we investigated whether nerve lesions or impaired muscle regeneration contributed to the permanent loss of muscle mass, a long-term sequela of envenoming. The right soleus muscle of adult male mice was injected with B. jararacussu venom (80 microg) while the left muscle received only saline (control). The mice were killed after 2 and 3 months and the muscles were removed and processed for examination by transmission electron microscopy and light microscopy. The nerve fibers, Schwann cells and neuromuscular junctions had regenerated in venom-treated muscle. The total number of muscle fibers was significantly lower (p<0.05) than in the control (617+/-48 versus 1235+/-97, respectively; mean+/-SEM, n=10). These results show that the loss of muscle mass was most likely related to a decrease in the ability of the muscle to regenerate rather than to nerve lesions.44847-5

Resumos da I Mostra da Parceria Ensino Serviço e Comunidade da UnB-Secretaria de Estado de Saúde do Distrito Federal/Regional Paranoá e Itapoã, realizada nos dias 26 e 27 de maio de 2015.

Oficinas Culinárias: uma estratégia de educação nutricional sob a perspectiva do PRÓ-SAÚDE

Intrinsic Laryngeal Muscles Are Spared From Myonecrosis In The Mdx Mouse Model Of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy.

Intrinsic laryngeal muscles share many anatomical and physiological properties with extraocular muscles, which are unaffected in both Duchenne muscular dystrophy and mdx mice. We hypothesized that intrinsic laryngeal muscles are spared from myonecrosis in mdx mice and may serve as an additional tool to understand the mechanisms of muscle sparing in dystrophinopathy. Intrinsic laryngeal muscles and tibialis anterior (TA) muscle of adult and aged mdx and control C57Bl/10 mice were investigated. The percentage of central nucleated fibers, as a sign of muscle fibers that had undergone injury and regeneration, and myofiber labeling with Evans blue dye, as a marker of myofiber damage, were studied. Except for the cricothyroid muscle, none of the intrinsic laryngeal muscles from adult and old mdx mice showed signs of myofiber damage or Evans blue dye labeling, and all appeared to be normal. Central nucleation was readily visible in the TA of the same mdx mice. A significant increase in the percentage of central nucleated fibers was observed in adult cricothyroid muscle compared to the other intrinsic laryngeal muscles, which worsened with age. Thus, we have shown that the intrinsic laryngeal muscles are spared from the lack of dystrophin and may serve as a useful model to study the mechanisms of muscle sparing in dystrophinopathy.35349-5

Pharmacological and local toxicity studies of a liposomal formulation for the novel local anaesthetic ropivacaine

This study reports an investigation of the pharmacological activity, cytotoxicity, and local effects of a liposomal formulation of the novel local anaesthetic ropivacaine (RVC) compared with its plain solution. RVC was encapsulated into large unilamellar vesicles (LUVs) composed of egg phosphatidylcholine, cholesterol and a-tocopherol (4:3:0.07, mole %). Particle size, partition coefficient determination and in-vitro release studies were used to characterize the encapsulation process. Cytotoxicity was evaluated by the tetrazolium reduction test using sciatic nerve Schwann cells in culture. Local anaesthetic activity was assessed by mouse sciatic and rat infraorbital nerve blockades. Histological analysis was performed to verify the myotoxic effects evoked by RVC formulations. Plain (RVCPLAIN) and liposomal RVC (RVCLUV) samples were tested at 0.125%, 0.25% and 0.5% concentrations. Vesicle size distribution showed liposomal populations of 370 and 130 nm (85 and 15%, respectively), without changes after RVC encapsulation. The partition coefficient value was 132 26 and in-vitro release assays revealed a decrease in RVC release rate (1.5 fold, P < 0.001) from liposomes. RVCLUV presented reduced cytotoxicity (P < 0.001) when compared with RVCPLAIN Treatment with RVCLUV increased the duration (P < 0.001) and intensity of the analgesic effects either on sciatic nerve blockade (1.4-1.6 fold) and infraorbital nerve blockade tests (1.5 fold), in relation to RVCPLAIN. Regarding histological analysis, no morphological tissue changes were detected in the area of injection and sparse inflammatory cells were observed in only one of the animals treated with RVCPLAIN or RVCLUV at 0.5%. Despite the differences between these preclinical studies and clinical conditions, we suggest RVCLUV as a potential new formulation, since RVC is a new and safe local anaesthetic agent.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

Pharmacological And Local Toxicity Studies Of A Liposomal Formulation For The Novel Local Anaesthetic Ropivacaine.

This study reports an investigation of the pharmacological activity, cytotoxicity and local effects of a liposomal formulation of the novel local anaesthetic ropivacaine (RVC) compared with its plain solution. RVC was encapsulated into large unilamellar vesicles (LUVs) composed of egg phosphatidylcholine, cholesterol and alpha-tocopherol (4:3:0.07, mole %). Particle size, partition coefficient determination and in-vitro release studies were used to characterize the encapsulation process. Cytotoxicity was evaluated by the tetrazolium reduction test using sciatic nerve Schwann cells in culture. Local anaesthetic activity was assessed by mouse sciatic and rat infraorbital nerve blockades. Histological analysis was performed to verify the myotoxic effects evoked by RVC formulations. Plain (RVC(PLAIN)) and liposomal RVC (RVC(LUV)) samples were tested at 0.125%, 0.25% and 0.5% concentrations. Vesicle size distribution showed liposomal populations of 370 and 130 nm (85 and 15%, respectively), without changes after RVC encapsulation. The partition coefficient value was 132 +/- 26 and in-vitro release assays revealed a decrease in RVC release rate (1.5 fold, P < 0.001) from liposomes. RVC(LUV) presented reduced cytotoxicity (P < 0.001) when compared with RVC(PLAIN). Treatment with RVC(LUV) increased the duration (P < 0.001) and intensity of the analgesic effects either on sciatic nerve blockade (1.4-1.6 fold) and infraorbital nerve blockade tests (1.5 fold), in relation to RVC(PLAIN). Regarding histological analysis, no morphological tissue changes were detected in the area of injection and sparse inflammatory cells were observed in only one of the animals treated with RVC(PLAIN) or RVC(luv) at 0.5%. Despite the differences between these preclinical studies and clinical conditions, we suggest RVC(LUV) as a potential new formulation, since RVC is a new and safe local anaesthetic agent.601449-5