The response of aluminium and glass fibre FMLS subjected to blast loading

Fibre-Metal Laminates (FMLs) have long been of interest to the aeronautics industry due to their exceptional strength to weight ratio, fatigue and impact resistance. Due to the increasing global risk of subversive activity in this industry, the focus of research in recent years has shifted to the blast resistance of these materials. A particularly interesting material being GLARE, a commercially available Aluminium-GFRP FML. This dissertation presents the results of an experimental study into the effects of glass fibre configuration and epoxy type on the response of glass fibre reinforced, epoxy-based FMLs, subjected to localised and uniform blast loading conditions. Standard tensile specimens and Single-Leg Bend (SLB) specimens were manufactured and tested to determine the properties constitutive materials and interfacial bond strength. Bond strength between the composite and metal interfaces was improved by employing a combination of surface treatments, consisting of both mechanical and chemical as well as the use of a film adhesive. FMLs were manufactured from Al 2024-T3 and e-glass fibre reinforced epoxy composite. Both woven and unidirectional fibre configurations were used as part of either a prepreg or wet layup to construct the composite layers. Tensile and SLB specimens were used to characterise the constitutive materials and interfacial bond strength. SLB tests were used to determine the effect of cure cycle and composite layup technique on interfacial bond strength. These tests and revealed a variety of interfacial failure modes for different cure cycles and epoxy configurations, each resulting in different levels of strength. The modes, in increasing order of strength, included debonding of the film adhesive from either the metal or composite interface or both, and in some cases also included delamination in the composite layer. Tests showed that a single stage layup and cure cycle resulted in the strongest bonds between interfaces, compared to a multi-stage manufacturing processes. It was also shown that the use of prepreg resulted in stronger inter-facial bonds than a wet-layup process. The properties of the constitutive materials were used to construct a numerical model to aid in experimental design. The model was used to determine a suitable range of charge masses for testing

Corporate Social Responsibility Intervention Of One Mining Operator: A Community Development Case In Bojanala District, South Africa

The South African economy constantly experiences work stoppages, is gradually losing its pride and currently experiences decisive anomalous moments underpinning new operational perceptions. Mining organisations seem to be blamed for not doing enough social capital development initiatives, particularly in underdeveloped communities. This study examines in depth the role of a mining company’s involvement in an identifiable community in South Africa’s Bojanala District. Specifically, the study evaluates the steps followed in identifying needs and the usefulness of a mining-project designed to enhance capacity-building opportunities for young South Africans; a sustainable development initiative. Qualitative action research was used in this study to ensure a participatory approach of the data gathering processes to personal and professional transformation. Action research phases were followed in the manner of Maree (2014). The findings suggest that expectations for community development projects are greater in rural and peri-uburban South African communities. It was found that participants had a general inability to read, write, speak, listen and apply the mathematical proficiency that is needed in order to function effectively in an employment environment. The youth unemployment rate in the Bojanala District can be attributed to the gap between their level of education and the employment requirements. The miners are deemed to have a responsibility towards their communities and it is the youth of these same communities that look towards the mines for employment. Mining companies can contribute to education, skills development and training of the youth. If community engagement is taken seriously as a CSR strategic approach, this would enhance positive inter-relations between the mining companies and their communities

Sistematies verwronge kommunikasie in Lukas 14:1-6: Die dialekties-kritiese teorie van Jürgen Habermas krities bespreek

Systematically distorted communication in Luke 14:1-6: A critical assessment of the dialectical-critical theory of Jürgen Habermas In this article the epistemology and essence of the practical interest of Jürgen Habermas’s dialectical-critical theory is discussed, focusing on his concept of systematically distorted communication. The article aims at describing the theory of communicative competence or universal pragmatics by means of an exegetical study of Luke 14:1-6. The appropriationof Habermas’s theory on Luke 14:1-6 is assessed from the perspective of some results of the recent social-scientific studies of the New Testament

The Membrane Gradostat Reactor: Secondary metabolite production, bioremediation and commercial potential

This manuscript focuses on the aspect of a membrane gradostat as an entirely different concept compared to submerged hollow fibre modules. The use of membrane bioreactor (MBR) technology is rapidly advancing in the wastewater treatment industries. However, this is not the case in the biopharmaceutical manufacturing industries. The MGR has shown great potential and versatility in terms of industrial applications. It can be used in both wastewater treatment and biopharmaceutical manufacturing using different modes of operation to meet any predetermined process  requirements. The MGR concept uses capillary membranes, which contain microvoids in the substructure to immobilise microbial cells or enzymes, depending on the bioreactor’s application. Operational requirements of the MGR and its commercial potential are discussed from a bioprocess engineering perspective

Haunting temporalities: Creolisation and black women's subjectivities in the diasporic science fiction of Nalo Hopkinson

Philosophiae Doctor - PhDThis study examines temporal entanglement in three novels by Jamaican-born author Nalo Hopkinson. The novels are: Brown Girl in the Ring (1998), Midnight Robber (2000), and The Salt Roads (2004). The study pays particular attention to Hopkinson's use of narrative temporalities, which are shape by creolisation. I argue that Hopkinson creatively theorises black women's subjectivities in relation to (post) colonial politics of domination. Specifically, creolised temporalities are presented as a response to predatory Western modernity. Her innovative diasporic science fiction displays common preoccupations associated with Caribbean women writers, such as belonging and exile, and the continued violence enacted by the legacy of colonialism and slavery. A central emphasis of the study is an analysis of how Hopkinson not only employs a past gaze, as the majority of both Caribbean and postcolonial writing does to recover the subaltern subject, but also how she uses the future to reclaim and reconstruct a sense of selfhood and agency, specifically with regards to black women. Linked to the future is her engagement with notions of technological and social betterment and progress as exemplified by her emphasis on the use of technology as a tool of empire. By writing science fiction, Hopkinson is able to delve into the nebulous nexus of technology, empire, slavery, capitalism and modernity. And, by employing a temporality shaped by creolisation, she is able to collapse discrete historical time-frames, tracing obscured connections between the nodes of this nexus from its beginnings on the plantation, the birthplace of creolisation and, as some have argued, of modernity itself

Fusions of the feminine and technology : exploring the cyborg as subversive tool for feminist reconstructions of identity

Thesis (MA (English))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.In this dissertation the dominant metaphor for the fusion between the feminine and technology, the cyborg, will be examined through various texts to assess the value the cyborg has for feminism as a tool to exposes the constructedness of boundaries of identity and gender, thereby enabling a reconstruction of a new feminine identity in a subversive and transgressive space. The main themes which will be addressed are those that often feature in feminist science fiction: reproduction, sexuality, the construction of identity and gender through science, culture and ideology, and the power relations between men and women. Other related concepts which will be dealt with are language, self and Other, representation and perspective. Feminist science fiction and theory attempt to destabilise conventional boundaries concerned with gender and identity and the texts which this dissertation deals with are all, to varying degrees, concerned with this destabilisation, each offering a unique perspective on feminine identity and the attempted transformation of current gender categories which will be explored in detailed analysis

Malic Acid in Wine: Origin, Function and Metabolism during Vinification

The production of quality wines requires a judicious balance between the sugar, acid and flavour components of wine.  L-Malic and tartaric acids are the most prominent organic acids in wine and play a crucial role in the winemaking process, including the organoleptic quality and the physical, biochemical and microbial stability of wine.  Deacidification of grape must and wine is often required for the production of well-balanced wines. Malolactic fermentation induced by the addition of malolactic starter cultures, regarded as the preferred method for naturally reducing wine acidity, efficiently decreases the acidic taste of wine, improves the microbial stability and modifies to some extent the organoleptic character of wine. However, the recurrent phenomenon of delayed or sluggish malolactic fermentation often causes interruption of cellar operations, while the malolactic fermentation is not always compatible with certain styles of wine. Commercial wine yeast strains of Saccharomyces are generally unableto degrade L-malic acid effectively in grape must during alcoholic fermentation, with relatively minor modifications in total acidity during vinification. Functional expression of the malolactic pathway genes, i.e. the malate transporter (mae1) of Schizosaccharomyces pombe and the malolactic enzyme (mleA) from Oenococcus oeni in wine yeasts, haspaved the way for the construction of malate-degrading strains of Saccharomyces for commercial winemaking

Wat Emma weet (’n Roman) en ʼn Vergelykende studie van die tradisionele speurverhaal en die literêre speurverhaal met spesifieke verwysing na vier Afrikaanse speurverhale

Die term speurverhaal impliseer ’n spesifieke soort verhaal of genre, tradisioneel triviaalliteratuur of ontspanningslektuur, met spesifieke kodes en konvensies. Enige konvensies is egter aanpasbaar en die grense tussen hoë kuns en populêre kultuur is vloeibaar, sodat dit moontlik is dat daar wel ʼn vertakking of subgenre wat die literêre speurverhaal genoem kan word, kon ontwikkel het. Die doel van hierdie verhandeling is om die volgende navorsingsvrae te beantwoord: Is daar wel speurverhale wat as literêre speurverhale gekategoriseer kan word? Indien nie, waarom word die kodes van die speurverhaal as narratiewe strategie gekies vir sekere romans? Wat is die verskille en ooreenkomste tussen die tradisionele speurverhaal en die sogenaamde literêre speurverhaal? Die verskynsel word ondersoek word deur twee romans wat moontlik as literêre speurverhale geklassifiseer kan word, nl. Een vir Azazel (Leroux, 1984) en Die boek van toeval en toeverlaat (Winterbach, 2006), te vergelyk met twee tradisionele speurverhale, nl. Reuk van die dood (Mouton, 2008) en Plaasmoord (Brynard, 2009), aan die hand van sekere struktuurelemente, nl. spanningslyn, plot, intrige, karakterisering, verteller, vertellersperspektief, tyd, en ruimte. ENGLISH : The term detective story indicates a specific kind of story or genre, traditionally recreational and light reading, with specific codes and conventions. However, any set of conventions are pliable and the boundaries between recreational and high art are fluid and constantly shifting. It is therefore possible that a subgenre of the detective story that can be called the literary detective story could have developed. The goal of this dissertation is to answer the following research questions: Are there detective stories that can be categorised as literary detective stories? If not, why is the detective element chosen as a narrative strategy for some novels? What are the differences and similarities between the traditional detective story and the so called literary detective novel?Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2010.Afrikaansunrestricte

Die bestuur van verandering : 'n teoretiese beskouing

M.Com. (Business Management)Please refer to full text to view abstrac

Strafregtelike aanspreeklikheid vir handeldryf in verbode afhanklikheidsvormende medisyne

Text in AfrikaansDie Wet op Misbruik van Afhankl ikheidsvormende Stowwe beheer tans die regsposisie betreffende die misbruik van dwelmmiddels. Orie klasse afhankl ikheidsvormende medisyne word geskep waarvan slegs die handeldryf in verbode afhankl ikheidsvormende medisyne bespreek word. Benewens die gewone betekenis van handeldryf, het die Wetgewer 'n uitgebreide betekenis daaraan gegee om begrippe soos "oorlaai", "toediening", "versending" en "voorskryf" in te sluit. Die vermoedens, wat die Wetgewer in die Wet ingebou het om die taak van die vervolging te vergemakl ik, sowel as die voorverelstes vir die inwerkingstel I ing daarvan, word bespreek. Verbode Afhankl ikheidsvormende medisyne word gelys in Deel I in die Bylae tot die Wet en die strekking van die bewyslas op die vervolging word bespreek. Geen statut~re regverdigingsgronde word geskep nie, maar die gemeenregtel ike regverdigingsgronde behoort hier aanwending te vind. Opset blyk die vereiste skuldvorm te wees. Wet 101 van 1965 en Wet 41 van 1971 oorvleuel tot 'n sekere mate en by botsende bepal ings sal die 1971-wet voorkeur geniet.The law with regard to the dependance-producing drugs is governed by the Act on the Misuse of Dependence-producing drugs. The Act distinguishes between three types of dependence-producing drugs and the work focuses only on prohibited dependence-producing drugs. The lawmaker gave extended interpretation to the term" dealing in" to include aspects Iike the transfer from one vehicle to another, administering, dispatching and prescription. Certain presumptions which Iighten the burden of proof on the prosecution were introduced in the act and the prerequisites for their operation are discussed. No statutory defences are created but it is submitted that common law defences should apply. Intention is set down to constitute the required mens areas. Act 101 of 1965 and Act 41 of 1971 overlap on certain aspects where sections are in conflict with each other, the latter Act should receive preference.Criminology and Security ScienceLL.M