Кримінально-правова характеристика невиконання рішення суду

Волошина К. В. Кримінально-правова характеристика невиконання рішення суду / К. В. Волошина // Про злочини та покарання: еволюція кримінально-правової доктрини : матеріали Міжнар. наук.-практ. конф., присвяченої 250-річчю трактату Чезаре Беккаріа (м. Одеса, 13 черв. 2014 р.) / редкол. : С. В. Ківалов (голов. ред.), В. О. Туляков (заст. голов ред.), Є. Л. Стрельцов (заст. голов ред.), Д. О. Балобанова ; МОН України, НУ ОЮА, ПРЦ НАПрН України, Одес. відділ. ГО «Всеукр. асоц. кримін. права». — Одеса : Юрид. л-ра, 2014. - С. 245-249

Synthesis and diverse biological activity profile of triethyl-ammonium isatin-3-hydrazones

A series of biorelevant triethylammonium isatin hydrazones containing various substituents in the aromatic fragment have been synthesized. Their structure and composition were confirmed by NMR- and IR-spectroscopies, mass-spectrometry and elemental analysis. It was found that some representatives show activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus higher or at the level of norfloxacin, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains. The study also showed low hemo- and cytotoxicity (Chang Liver) and high antiaggregatory and anticoagulant activity of these compounds. The high potential of new ammonium isatin-3-acylhydrazones in the search for antimicrobial activity against phytopathogens of bacterial and fungal nature has been shown for the first time

Mitochondrial Cytochrome b Sequence Variations and Population Structure of Siberian Chipmunk (Tamias sibiricus) in Northeastern Asia and Population Substructure in South Korea

Twenty-five chipmunk species occur in the world, of which only the Siberian chipmunk, Tamias sibiricus, inhabits Asia. To investigate mitochondrial cytochrome b sequence variations and population structure of the Siberian chipmunk in northeastern Asia, we examined mitochondrial cytochrome b sequences (1140 bp) from 3 countries. Analyses of 41 individuals from South Korea and 33 individuals from Russia and northeast China resulted in 37 haplotypes and 27 haplotypes, respectively. There were no shared haplotypes between South Korea and Russia - northeast China. Phylogenetic trees and network analysis showed 2 major maternal lineages for haplotypes, referred to as the S and R lineages. Haplotype grouping in each cluster was nearly coincident with its geographic affinity. In particular, 3 distinct groups were found that mostly clustered in the northern, central and southern parts of South Korea. Nucleotide diversity of the S lineage was twice that of lineage R. The divergence between S and R lineages was estimated to be 2.98-0.98 Myr. During the ice age, there may have been at least 2 refuges in South Korea and Russia - northeast China. The sequence variation between the S and R lineages was 11.3% (K2P), which is indicative of specific recognition in rodents. These results suggest that T. sibiricus from South Korea could be considered a separate species. However, additional information, such as details of distribution, nuclear genes data or morphology, is required to strengthen this hypothesis.This study was supported, in part, by a Korea Research Foundation Grant funded by the Korean Government (Ministry of Education and Human Resources Development; KRF-2007-C00193-I00755), Brain Korea 21 Program for Veterinary Science and Research Institute of Veterinary Science, Seoul National University

BLOOM: A 176B-Parameter Open-Access Multilingual Language Model

Large language models (LLMs) have been shown to be able to perform new tasks based on a few demonstrations or natural language instructions. While these capabilities have led to widespread adoption, most LLMs are developed by resource-rich organizations and are frequently kept from the public. As a step towards democratizing this powerful technology, we present BLOOM, a 176B-parameter open-access language model designed and built thanks to a collaboration of hundreds of researchers. BLOOM is a decoder-only Transformer language model that was trained on the ROOTS corpus, a dataset comprising hundreds of sources in 46 natural and 13 programming languages (59 in total). We find that BLOOM achieves competitive performance on a wide variety of benchmarks, with stronger results after undergoing multitask prompted finetuning. To facilitate future research and applications using LLMs, we publicly release our models and code under the Responsible AI License

Chemical weathering fluxes from Paramushir volcanic island (Kuril Island arc, Russia)

The rates of the chemical erosion for Paramushir Island, north Kuril Arc, were studied. The rates of the chemical erosion for Paramushir Island, north Kuril Arc, were studied. They were based on the results of the flow rate measurements and chemical analyses of 35 river’s water, sampled in July 2017. The silicate weathering fluxes caused by the subsurface thermal and two different types of surface waters (acid SO4 and near-neutral Na (Ca)-HCO3) of Paramushir have been estimated as 1095±200, 203 ±100 and 64 ± 20 t/km2/year, respectively. The total chemical weathering flux for Paramushir Island is estimated as 120± 40 t/km2/year

Hydrothermal system and acid lakes of Golovnin caldera, Kunashir, Kuril Islands: Geochemistry, solute fluxes and heat output

Golovnin caldera on the southernmost Kuril Island arc Kunashir Island is characterized by intense hydrothermal activity and thermal manifestations of different types inside and outside the caldera. In this paper we report our results of the 2015 field campaign together with already published data and discuss unusual geochemical features of the whole system. Acid chloride sulfate waters discharging inside the caldera are different from hot sulfate chloride waters discharging along the coast of the Sea of Okhotsk. The difference is in the ratios of themain conservative components (Cl, B, Na) and a high fraction of a Ca-SO4 enriched component in the coastal springs. Another unusual feature of the system is the existence of boiling Na-Cl springs outside the caldera, between the caldera thermal fields with Cl-SO4 and SO4 acid waters and SO4-Cl acid-to-neutral springs along the coast. Fumarolic and bubbling gases fromthe caldera are characterized by low3He/4He values (~3.5Ra), isotopically heavy CO2 (δ13C N−2.6‰) and isotopically lightmethane (δ13C≤−40‰). This is a rare case when “chemical” (C-H-O) temperatures are higher than the “isotopic” (CO2-CH4) equilibriumtemperatures. Trace element hydrochemistry shows preferential congruent rock dissolution in ultra-acid steam-heated SO4 waters inside the caldera andmore complicated water-rock interaction for other types of waters. The REE patterns for chloride-sulfate and sulfatechloride waters normalized by average rock show depletion in LREE caused, most probably, by co-precipitation of LREE with mineral assemblages characteristic for argillic and advanced argillic alteration. The only source of chloride in the drainage fromthe Golovnin caldera is the Kipyaschee Lake (Cl-SO4 hot springs on the lake bottom and at its shore). Solute output fromthe Golovnin caldera is lower than that from the other studied volcano-hydrothermal systems of Kuril Islands (5.7 t/d of Cl and 7.3 t/d of SO4). Natural heat output by hot water and steam discharges is estimated as 63 ± 20 MW.Published10-203V. Proprietà dei magmi e dei prodotti vulcaniciJCR Journa

Evolution of the crater lake of Maly Semyachik volcano, Kamchatka (1965–2020)

Significant variations in temperature, water chemistry and volume of the lake in the crater of Maly Semyachik volcano, Kamchatka, in 1965–2020 can be divided in three main stages. The first stage, until about the mid-1980s, was characterized by intense volcanic-hydrothermal activity, high (above 40 °C) temperature, high salinity (up to 40 g/l) and an increase in the level (and volume) of the lake. During the second stage, which lasted 25–30 years, since the mid-1980s until the mid-2000s, the lake cooled down, until freezing in winter, the mineralization decreased (up to 1.6 g/l), and the volume of the lake remained almost constant. After the mid-2000s until present, there is a period of activation of the Maly Semyachik volcano, which is expressed in an increase in temperature, mineralization and a sharp increase in the volume of the crater lake. The water balance of the lake and the input and composition of the thermal acid chloride solution are estimated based on the analysis of changes in chemical and physical parameters over time, using a box model

Characterization of the Corynebacterium glutamicum dehydroshikimate dehydratase QsuB and its potential for microbial production of protocatechuic acid.

The dehydroshikimate dehydratase (DSD) from Corynebacterium glutamicum encoded by the qsuB gene is related to the previously described QuiC1 protein (39.9% identity) from Pseudomonas putida. Both QuiC1 and QsuB are two-domain bacterial DSDs. The N-terminal domain provides dehydratase activity, while the C-terminal domain has sequence identity with 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase. Here, the QsuB protein and its N-terminal domain (N-QsuB) were expressed in the T7 system, purified and characterized. QsuB was present mainly in octameric form (60%), while N-QsuB had a predominantly monomeric structure (80%) in aqueous buffer. Both proteins possessed DSD activity with one of the following cofactors (listed in the order of decreasing activity): Co2+, Mg2+, Mn2+. The Km and kcat values for the QsuB enzyme (Km ~ 1 mM, kcat ~ 61 s-1) were two and three times higher than those for N-QsuB. 3,4-DHBA inhibited QsuB (Ki ~ 0.38 mM, Ki' ~ 0.96 mM) and N-QsuB (Ki ~ 0.69 mM) enzymes via mixed and noncompetitive inhibition mechanism, respectively. E. coli MG1655ΔaroEPlac‒qsuB strain produced three times more 3,4-DHBA from glucose in test tube fermentation than the MG1655ΔaroEPlac‒n-qsuB strain. The C-terminal domain activity towards 3,4-DHBA was not established in vitro. This domain was proposed to promote protein oligomerization for maintaining structural stability of the enzyme. The dimer formation of QsuB protein was more predictable (ΔG = ‒15.8 kcal/mol) than the dimerization of its truncated version N-QsuB (ΔG = ‒0.4 kcal/mol)

Polyketides from the marine-derived fungus Ascochyta salicorniae and their potential to inhibit protein phosphatases

Chemical investigation of the marine fungus Ascochyta salicorniae led to the isolation of two new epimeric compounds, ascolactones A ( 1) and B ( 2), in addition to the structurally-related polyketides hyalopyrone ( 3), ascochitine ( 4), ascochital ( 5) and ascosalipyrone ( 6). The absolute configurations of the epimeric compounds 1 and 2 were assigned as (1R,9R) and (1S,9R), respectively, through simulation of the chiroptical properties using quantum-chemical CD calculations, and chiral GC–MS subsequent to oxidative cleavage (Baeyer–Villiger oxidation) of the side chain.In silico screening using the PASS software identified some of the A. salicorniae compounds ( 1– 6) as potential inhibitors of protein phosphatases. Compound 4 was found to inhibit the enzymatic activity of MPtpB with an IC50 value of 11.5 µM

Hybrids of Sterically Hindered Phenols and Diaryl Ureas: Synthesis, Switch from Antioxidant Activity to ROS Generation and Induction of Apoptosis

The utility of sterically hindered phenols (SHPs) in drug design is based on their chameleonic ability to switch from an antioxidant that can protect healthy tissues to highly cytotoxic species that can target tumor cells. This work explores the biological activity of a family of 45 new hybrid molecules that combine SHPs equipped with an activating phosphonate moiety at the benzylic position with additional urea/thiourea fragments. The target compounds were synthesized by reaction of iso(thio)cyanates with C-arylphosphorylated phenols containing pendant 2,6-diaminopyridine and 1,3-diaminobenzene moieties. The SHP/urea hybrids display cytotoxic activity against a number of tumor lines. Mechanistic studies confirm the paradoxical nature of these substances which combine pronounced antioxidant properties in radical trapping assays with increased reactive oxygen species generation in tumor cells. Moreover, the most cytotoxic compounds inhibited the process of glycolysis in SH-SY5Y cells and caused pronounced dissipation of the mitochondrial membrane of isolated rat liver mitochondria. Molecular docking of the most active compounds identified the activator allosteric center of pyruvate kinase M2 as one of the possible targets. For the most promising compounds, 11b and 17b, this combination of properties results in the ability to induce apoptosis in HuTu 80 cells along the intrinsic mitochondrial pathway. Cyclic voltammetry studies reveal complex redox behavior which can be simplified by addition of a large excess of acid that can protect some of the oxidizable groups by protonations. Interestingly, the re-reduction behavior of the oxidized species shows considerable variations, indicating different degrees of reversibility. Such reversibility (or quasi-reversibility) suggests that the shift of the phenol-quinone equilibrium toward the original phenol at the lower pH may be associated with lower cytotoxicity