Do the cosmological observational data prefer phantom dark energy?

The dynamics of expansion and large scale structure formation of the Universe are analyzed for models with dark energy in the form of a phantom scalar field which initially mimics a $\Lambda$-term and evolves slowly to the Big Rip singularity. The discussed model of dark energy has three parameters -- the density and the equation of state parameter at the current epoch, $\Omega_{de}$ and $w_0$, and the asymptotic value of the equation of state parameter at $a\rightarrow\infty$, $c_a^2$. Their best-fit values are determined jointly with all other cosmological parameters by the MCMC method using observational data on CMB anisotropies and polarization, SNe Ia luminosity distances, BAO measurements and more. Similar computations are carried out for $\Lambda$CDM and a quintessence scalar field model of dark energy. It is shown that the current data slightly prefer the phantom model, but the differences in the maximum likelihoods are not statistically significant. It is also shown that the phantom dark energy with monotonically increasing density in future will cause the decay of large scale linear matter density perturbations due to the gravitational domination of dark energy perturbations long before the Big Rip singularity.Comment: 13 pages, 8 figures, 5 tables; comments and references added; version accepted for publication in Phys.Rev.

Perspectives of the inhaled antibiotics usage in pediatrics

The antibacterial therapy in children remains a complicated and an unsolved problem of medicine. Despite the fact that antibiotics are largely available, every year more and more bacteria become resistant to these drugs. Also, there is only a small number of new antibacterial agents introduced into practice, especially for respiratory system infections. This is due to the fact that systemic antibiotics poorly penetrate into the pulmonary tissue and do not create high concentrations at the site of inflammation. With increased doses of systemic antibacterial agents, their toxic effect on the body of the patient also increases. Therefore, the usage of inhalation route for the intake of these agents is a modern one and reduces the risk of systemic side effects. In the literature review conducted by us, the main advantages of inhalation intake of antibiotics have been examined, the analysis of the basic preparations usage has been carried out and the disadvantages and side effects of the inhalation route of the antibacterial agents intake have been identified. It is also worth noting that the inhaled antibiotics are practically not used as monotherapy, but only in combination with antibiotics with systemic action. They cannot be an alternative or a substitute for systemic drugs. The usage of this group of drugs makes it possible to improve the results of treatment of the respiratory diseases in children, especially with chronic inflammatory processes. The inhaled antibiotics can be one more important step in the fight against antibiotic resistance

Коренезбиральна машина

1. Коренезбиральна машина, що містить ра­му, на якій в ряд розташовані копіюючі колеса, пристрій для автоматичного ведення машини по рядках коренеплодів, викопуючі робочі органи, очисні вали, прутковий транспортер, бункер, задній міст, відрізняється тим, що транспортер ви­конаний з двох частин Г-подібної форми, перша частина якого утворює гострий кут з горизонталь­ною площиною, причому напрямок кута направле­ний в сторону напрямку руху машини. 2. Коренезбиральна машина по п.1, відрізняється тим, що полотно Г-подібного транспортеру виконане з еластичних стрічок, що мають внутрішні зачепи, до яких прикріплені прутки з несучими скребками