Вивчення ставлення до екологічних проблем громадян України в контексті теорії поколінь

The aim. To study the attitude of the Ukrainian citizens to the environmental problems in the context of the theory of generations X, Y, Z.Materials and methods. Using the analytical-comparative, system-analytical, mathematical-statistical, logical methods of analysis and the method of questioning, as well as descriptive and abstract modelling and generalization, the environmental portrait of the Ukrainian citizens was studied.Results. In the context of the growing global environmental crisis, the environmental approach becomes a major trend for the country’s sustainable development. Economic and social well-being is closely linked to the state of the environment, which can only be stable within certain environmental and resource boundaries. Therefore, special attention should be paid to the attitude of people to the environment as a public good and formation of their environmentally responsible behaviour, which is becoming an increasingly important element in international programs to protect our common environment. According to the research, the attitude of the Ukrainian citizens of different generations to the environmental problems was determined, and the main tendencies in the dominance of types of behaviour and character traits of the generation Z representatives were revealed. It has been found that the Ukrainian citizens of three generations (X, Y, Z) share common environmental values – they consider it is important to protect the environment and are confident that they can personally play a role in protecting the environment. However, it can be said that the environmental practices of the Ukrainian residents still need special attention from the state bodies and public organizations.Conclusions. The attitude of the Ukrainian citizens to the environmental problems in the context of the theory of generations has been determined, and their common ecological values have been generalized. According to the results of the research, the main directions in raising the level of environmental awareness of citizens have been identified. The active work with young people has been proposed since the generation Z does not care about natural resources and the environment as a whole. In particular, such work is possible by introducing various eco-practices and raising public awareness concerning environmental issues. At the same time, it is important to introduce incentive and motivation mechanisms for environmental protection taking into account the needs and values of each generationЦель. Изучение отношения к экологическим проблемам граждан Украины в контексте теории поколений X, Y, Z.Материалы и методы. С помощью аналитико-сравнительного, системно-аналитического, математико-статистического, логического методов анализа и метода анкетирования, а также описательного и абстрактного моделирования и обобщения были исследованы экологический портрет граждан Украины.Результаты. В условиях роста глобального экологического кризиса, экологический подход становится главной тенденцией стабильного развития государства. Экономическое и социальное благополучие тесно связано с состоянием окружающей среды, которое может существовать стабильно только в определенных экологических и ресурсных пределах. Поэтому особое внимание следует уделить отношению людей к окружающей среде как общественного блага и формированию их экологически ответственного поведения, которая становится все более важным элементом в международных программах защиты нашего общего окружающей среды. По результатам исследований установлено отношение к экологическим проблемам граждан Украины разных поколений и выявлены основные тенденции в доминировании типов поведения и характерологических особенностях представителей поколения Z. Установлено, что граждане Украины 3-х поколений (X, Y, Z) разделяют общие экологические ценности - они считают охрану окружающей среды важной и уверены, что могут лично играть роль в защите окружающей среды. Однако, можно говорить, что экологические практики жителей Украины все еще требуют особого внимания со стороны государственных органов и общественных организаций.Выводы. Определено отношение к экологическим проблемам граждан Украины в контексте теории поколений и обобщены их общие экологические ценности. По результатам исследований определены основные направления в повышении уровня экологического сознания граждан. Так, предложенная активная работа с молодежью, поскольку для представителей поколения Z не свойственно бережное отношение к природным ресурсам и экологии в целом. В частности, такая работа возможна путем внедрения различных эко-практик и повышения уровня осведомленности граждан относительно экологических вопросов. В то же время, актуальным является внедрение поощрительных и мотивационных механизмов охраны окружающей среды с учетом потребностей и ценностей каждого отдельного поколенияМета. Вивчення ставлення до екологічних проблем громадян України в контексті теорії поколінь X, Y, Z.Матеріали та методи. За допомогою аналітико-порівняльного, системно-аналітичного, математико-статистичного, логічного методів аналізу та методу анкетування, а також описового та абстрактного моделювання й узагальнення було досліджено екологічний портрет громадяна України.Результати. В умовах зростання глобальної екологічної кризи, екологічний підхід стає головною тенденцією для стабільного розвитку держави. Економічне і соціальне благополуччя тісно пов'язане із станом навколишнього середовища, яке може існувати стабільно лише в певних екологічних та ресурсних межах. Тому особливу увагу слід приділити ставленню людей до навколишнього середовища як суспільного блага і формуванню їх екологічно відповідальної поведінки, яка стає все більш важливим елементом у міжнародних програмах захисту нашого спільного довкілля. За результатами досліджень встановлено ставлення до екологічних проблем громадян України різних поколінь та виявлено основні тенденції в домінуванні типів поведінки і характерологічних особливостях представників покоління Z. Встановлено, що громадяни України 3-х поколінь (X, Y, Z) поділяють спільні екологічні цінності – вони вважають охорону довкілля важливою та впевнені, що можуть особисто відігравати роль у захисті довкілля. Проте, можна говорити, що екологічні практики мешканців України все ще потребують особливої уваги з боку державних органів та громадських організацій.Висновки. Визначено ставлення до екологічних проблем громадян України в контексті теорії поколінь та узагальнено їх спільні екологічні цінності. За результатами досліджень визначено основні напрямки у підвищенні рівня екологічної свідомості громадян. Так, запропонована активна робота з молоддю, оскільки для представників покоління Z не є властивим дбайливе відношення до природних ресурсів та екології в цілому. Зокрема, така робота можлива шляхом впровадження різних еко-практик та підвищення рівня проінформованості громадян щодо екологічних питань. У той же час, актуальним є впровадження заохочувальних та мотиваційних механізмів охорони довкілля з урахуванням потреб та цінностей кожного окремого поколінн

ANALYSIS OF THE CURRENT STATE AND THE DYNAMICS OF LIPID-LOWERING DRUGS IN THE PHARMACEUTICAL MARKET OF UKRAINE

Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze the assortment, availability, consumption status, and dynamics of lipid-lowering drugs in the pharmaceutical market in Ukraine.Methods: Among the primary methods of research were applied the following: System and content analysis, marketing, logical and mathematical analysis, graphical mode, and also a way of detailed and abstract simulation and synthesis.Results: The ratio of imported and domestic lipid-lowering drugs in Ukrainian pharmaceutical market was analyzed (imported lipid-lowering medicines account for 82% of the total number of this group in Ukrainian market, the share of local medications is 18%, respectively). The structural review and analysis of market characteristics of 5-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitors group of medicines (sales, accessibility for people, and competitiveness) were conducted, and the most promising market segment for producers and distributors was identified. The most promising sector is rosuvastatin, which is characterized by an average sales volume with a tendency to increase and a high increasing profit.Conclusion: Data on dynamics of the development of lipid-lowering drugs segment in the pharmaceutical market of Ukraine are systematized, which enables potential manufacturers to identify their market niche. As a result of the study, heavy dependency on imported lipid-lowering drugs in the pharmaceutical market of Ukraine was established, which determines low economic accessibility (especially in case of increasing in exchange rates) and physical availability (dependence on the regularity of shipments to Ukraine) for consumers. The most competitive medicines of atorvastatin and rosuvastatin group were determined, it was established that sales leader was pharmaceutical company KRKA dd, Novo Mesto (Slovenia) with generics Atoris and Roxer

Results of the assessment of the level of literacy of the Ukrainian population in matters of health and use of medicines

An instrument for assessing the health literacy of the population in matters of health and use of medicines was developed and a survey was conducted among different age groups of the Ukrainian population. Based on the analysis of the data obtained, it is proved that health literacy and pharmaceutical literacy in particular are an important factor in shaping health outcomes and quality patient interaction with doctors and pharmacists. The data obtained at this stage emphasize the need to improve the level of health and pharmaceutical literacy of the population, taking into account the needs, basic knowledge and skills of each age group. The study also demonstrates the relevance of regular assessment of the population’s awareness of health issues and the use of medicines in order to understand how each component of health literacy may differ between the identified age subgroups (e.g., adolescents, the elderly), with further development of adapted approaches to forming an appropriate level of knowledge on health issues and rational use of medicines and the specifics of their use for different segments of the population

Optimization of the MACE endpoint composition to increase power in studies of lipid-lowering therapies—a model-based meta-analysis

AimsTo develop a model-informed methodology for the optimization of the Major Adverse Cardiac Events (MACE) composite endpoint, based on a model-based meta-analysis across anti-hypercholesterolemia trials of statin and anti-PCSK9 drugs.Methods and resultsMixed-effects meta-regression modeling of stand-alone MACE outcomes was performed, with therapy type, population demographics, baseline and change over time in lipid biomarkers as predictors. Randomized clinical trials up to June 28, 2022, of either statins or anti-PCSK9 therapies were identified through a systematic review process in PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov databases. In total, 54 studies (270,471 patients) were collected, reporting 15 different single cardiovascular events. Treatment-mediated decrease in low density lipoprotein cholesterol, baseline levels of remnant and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol as well as non-lipid population characteristics and type of therapy were identified as significant covariates for 10 of the 15 outcomes. The required sample size per composite 3- and 4-point MACE endpoint was calculated based on the estimated treatment effects in a population and frequencies of the incorporated events in the control group, trial duration, and uncertainty in model parameters.ConclusionA quantitative tool was developed and used to benchmark different compositions of 3- and 4-point MACE for statins and anti-PCSK9 therapies, based on the minimum population size required to achieve statistical significance in relative risk reduction, following meta-regression modeling of the single MACE components. The approach we developed may be applied towards the optimization of the design of future trials in dyslipidemia disorders as well as in other therapeutic areas

Моніторинг показників фізичної та соціально-економічної доступності лікарських засобів метформіну гідрохлориду

The aim of the study was to monitor the physical availability and socio-economic affordability of metformin hydrochloride medicines, which are used for the treatment of type II diabetes mellitus. Materials and methods. Medical and technological documentation on the standardization of medical care for patients with type II diabetes, data from the State Register of Medicinal Products of Ukraine, software complex “Apteka” of the company “Morion” and data from the pharmaceutical market research analytical company “Pharmstandard” of the company “Morion” were used as research materials to determine indicators of physical availability and socio-economic affordability of metformin HCL medicines for the treatment of type II diabetes. Documentary, analytical methods, the method of marketing research and the method of logical summarization of data were used during the research. Results. According to the results of the analysis of the medical and technological documentation on the standardization of medical care for diabetes mellitus (DM) type II and the State Register of Medicines of Ukraine, a number of characteristics were formed for Metformin HCL pharmaceuticals, namely: tablets or film-coated tablets in a dose of 500 mg, which are manufactured: Ukrainian manufacturers (full cycle of production); Ukrainian manufacturers of tablets in bulk (primary and secondary packaging) and foreign manufacturers. The specified characteristics became the basis for the further selection of several metformin HCL medicines in terms of determining their indicators of physical availability and socio-economic affordability. When determining the physical availability of metformin HCL medications, it was established that Ukrainian-made pharmaceuticals (full production cycle) are presented in the wholesale chain of the pharmaceutical market in full. According to the socio-economic indicator of the solvency adequacy of payment capacity, among the metformin HCL pharmaceuticals, the most economically justified are the Ukrainian-made pharmaceuticals, which are made from tablets in bulk according to the full production cycle. Only 1 medicine was singled out among foreign-made ones, which has the lowest indicator of solvency adequacy for various categories of the population. Conclusions. Monitoring of indicators of physical availability and socio-economic affordability of metformin HCL medicines showed that the most economically justified for able-bodied people and people of retirement age is the use of the Ukrainian-made pharmaceuticals (full cycle and production from tablets in bulk) for the treatment of type II DM)Метою дослідження стало проведення моніторингу показників фізичної та соціально-економічної доступності лікарських засобів (ЛЗ) метформіну гідрохлориду, які використовуються для лікування цукрового діабету ІІ типу. Матеріали і методи. В якості матеріалів дослідження використано медико-технологічну документацію щодо стандартизації надання медичної допомоги пацієнтам при цукровому діабеті (ЦД) ІІ типу, дані Державного реєстру лікарських засобів України, програмного комплексу «Аптека» компанії «Моріон» та дані аналітичної компанії дослідження фармацевтичного ринку «Фармстандарт» компанії «Моріон» для визначення показників фізичної та соціально-економічної доступності ЛЗ метформіну г/хл для лікування цукрового діабету ІІ типу. Під час дослідження були використані документальний, аналітичний методи, метод маркетингового дослідження та метод логічного узагальнення даних. Результати. За результатами аналізу медико-технологічної документації зі стандартизації медичної допомоги при ЦД ІІ типу та Державного реєстру лікарських засобів України сформовано ряд характеристик для ЛЗ метофрміну г/хл, а саме: ЛЗ у формі таблеток або таблеток вкритих плівковою оболонкою у дозі 500 мг, які виготовляються: українськими виробниками (повний цикл виробництва); українськими виробниками із таблеток in bulk (первинне та вторинне пакування) та іноземними виробниками. Задані характеристики стали підставою для подальшого вибору ряду ЛЗ метформіну г/хл щодо визначення їх показників фізичної та соціально-економічної доступності. При визначенні фізичної доступності ЛЗ метформіну г/хл встановлено, що препарати українського виробництва (повний цикл виробництва) представлені на оптовій ланці фармацевтичного ринку у повному обсязі. За соціально-економічним показником адекватності платоспроможності серед ЛЗ метформіну г/хл найбільш економічно обґрунтованими є ЛЗ українського виробництва, що виготовляються із таблеток in bulk за повним циклом виробництва. Серед ЛЗ іноземного виробництва виділено лише 1 ЛЗ, який має найнижчий показник адекватності платоспроможності для різних категорій населення. Висновки. Моніторинг показників фізичної та соціально-економічної доступності ЛЗ метформіну г/хл, показав, що найбільш економічно обґрунтованими для працездатних осіб та осіб пенсійного віку є застосування для лікування ЦД ІІ типу ЛЗ українського виробництва (повний цикл та виготовлення із таблеток in bulk

The Theoretical and Methodological Aspects of Management of Strategic Development of Industrial Enterprises of Ukraine

The article generalizes the theoretical and methodological aspects of managing the strategic development of industrial enterprises in Ukraine. It is specified that the industry of Ukraine has always been and remains a driver of the national economy, both economically and socially. In this regard, today the issues of the need to form modern development strategies that can provide domestic enterprises with an appropriate level of competitiveness and image acquisition in the world market appear to be very acute. From this point of view, the generalization of theoretical aspects of managing the strategic development of industrial enterprises in Ukraine is relevant and appropriate, given the difficult macroeconomic conditions and the need to adapt economic entities to martial law. The characterization of basic strategies is generalized. The constituents of the strategy for managing the development of an industrial enterprise are defined. It is noted that the management of strategic development of industrial enterprises is a complex process that requires a sufficiently high level of management and the ability to make effective managerial decisions. It is found that it is impossible to imagine the process of managing the strategic development of an industrial enterprise without the presence of strategic potential, which provides the most effective ways to use resources, economic reserves and capabilities of an economic entity in order to maximize the effective implementation of its strategy. A number of indicators of local potentials of an industrial enterprise is presented. It is noted that an effective strategy for the development of an industrial enterprise lays down the prospects for economic growth and determines its positioning in the market. It is concluded that one of the important conditions for efficient management of strategic development of industrial enterprises in Ukraine today is the use of scientifically based approaches to strategic management along with practical experience in conducting business. The presence and development of the strategic potential of industrial enterprises will allow in the future to use the most effective ways and methods of using all available resources in order to make a profit and achieve strategic goal

Aspects of awareness of the population of different countries on cervical cancer prevention

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), in 2020, 604,000 new cases of morbidity and 342,000 deaths from cervical cancer (CC) were registered. The vast majority (over 95%) of cases of cervical cancer are caused by the sexually transmitted human papillomavirus (HPV). According to the recommendations of the WHO, vaccination against HPV is the single most effective measure that reduces the risk of developing cervical cancer (CC) and other associated diseases. An important component of this approach is informing the population about the importance of vaccination against the papillomavirus as a method of primary prevention of cervical cancer. The aim of the study is to investigate the awareness of the population about vaccination for the prevention of cervical cancer in the world practice. The research materials included scientific publications, recommendations, statistical data, epidemiological indicators, results of a questionnaire survey of the population on the issue of vaccination against HPV and prevention of CC, which was conducted in January- February 2023 in Ukraine. In the process of data analysis, the following methods were used: system analysis, document analysis, comparison, generalization, sociological (questionnaire survey), mathematical and statistical methods of data processing. In order to determine the current state of vaccination against HPV, an analysis of the National Immunization Schedules was conducted in countries around the world. It was found that as of 2021, the HPV vaccine was included in the National Immunization Schedule in less than 25% of low-income countries and less than 30% countries with belowaverage income, but in more than 85% of high-income countries. In countries where HPV vaccination is widely used, the incidence rates show a decrease in the frequency of developing CC. According to the analysis results, it has been determined that HPV vaccines are mandatory in Great Britain, the United States and Germany. The implementation of mandatory vaccination in these countries contributes to the reduction of morbidity and mortality rates. In Ukraine, the HPV vaccine is not included in the National Immunization Calendar, but it is recommended. To determine the level of public awareness of the issue of cervical cancer prevention, we developed a questionnaire and conducted a pilot survey of the population of Ukraine, in particular, the Kharkiv region. As a result of the survey, 352 valid questionnaires were selected, with answers to 100% of the questions. The results regarding the number of vaccinated individuals are noteworthy. Only 5,1% of surveyed are vaccinated, 77,3% are not vaccinated, and only 17,6% plan to get vaccinated. In our opinion, the survey results regarding factors influencing readiness to vaccinate against the human papillomavirus are of particular importance. It has been found that insufficient confidence in the vaccine's effectiveness and safety is the biggest barrier to vaccination (65.3%), which may indicate a low level of trust in the healthcare system. Also, one of the important factors affecting readiness to vaccinate is awareness of vaccination and assessment of risks, advantages and disadvantages (58,5%). It should be noted that 34,1% of respondents are sufficiently informed about the human papillomavirus, the importance of vaccination against HPV, while 65,9% require this information. In response to the question: "What information about HPV vaccination would you like to receive?" the most common answers among the population are vaccine effectiveness (66,5%), side effects (64,2%), indications (55,1%) and contraindications to vaccination (58,0%) Conclusions. According to the results of the conducted research, modern approaches to the prevention and treatment of СС has been considered in different countries of the world. Insufficient level of public awareness has been identified regarding vaccination against human papillomavirus and prevention of cervical cancer

Justification of the composition and technology of combined tablets for the treatment of type II diabetes.

The aim. The aim of the work was to establish the feasibility of development, determine the optimal composition and technology, and confirm the pharmacological effectiveness of combined tablets for treating type II diabetes. Materials and methods. Analytical research of the pharmaceutical market of drugs used for the treatment of type II diabetes was carried out using content analysis of official sources of information. The subjects of the study were medicinal products used to treat type II diabetes. A set of physicochemical and technological research methods was used to determine the quality parameters of the tabletting mass and tablets based on them. Results. According to the results of previous studies, similarities in the approaches to the pharmacotherapy of type II diabetes in the countries of Southeast Asia, the Western Pacific region, and Ukraine were established, which became the basis for conducting a market study of drugs with a sugar-lowering effect, namely, based on voglibose, with the aim of further including such drugs in the range of Ukrainian manufacturers. Furthermore, according to the results of physicochemical and technological studies, the composition and rational technology of obtaining tablets were established. Also, pharmacological studies have established that tablets with voglibose and solid dispersion of quercetin significantly prevent the development of glucose metabolism disorders caused by a high-sugar diet. In terms of the expressiveness of the hypocholesterolemic effect of the tablets and their constituent components, they are reliably superior to the comparison drug - metformin. Conclusions. According to the research results, the feasibility and relevance of the development of combined tablets with voglibose and solid dispersion of quercetin have been established. Furthermore, based on the investigated physicochemical and technological indicators, combined tablets' composition and rational technology were developed, and their specific pharmacological activity was prove