One Review on Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Applications

The fuel cell is a highly efficient electrochemical clean energy conversion device that converts chemical energy into electrical energy by reacting gaseous fuel (H+) with oxidizing gas (O2-) though a solid ion conducting electrolyte with reduced greenhouse gas emission and reduced oil consumption. FC generates high alteration efficiencies as compared to the other available conventional combustion engine mechanical approaches. The working principle of batteries and fuel cell are analogues to each other for the production of electricity. Oxygen pass through the cathode and hydrogen or hydrocarbon fuels supply through the anode, and then the electrochemical reaction takes place at the electrode/electrolyte interface due to the active charge carrier passing through the electrolyte, thereby releasing the electrons into external circuit to generate electricity without pollution. There is no need to store energy as it is a continuous reforming process as long as both fuel and oxidant are provided in the fuel cell continuously. Thus, the main characteristic of a fuel cell is the production of highly efficient energy with negligible pollution. Thus, in the 21st century, energy technology such as fuel cell becomes a key determinant factor of economic development and is essential to raising the living standards in the form of the most influencing and challenging alternating source of generation of electricity

The High-Energy Irradiation Ageing of Reinforced Elastomers Based on Rubber Blends

Elastomers are very often used in severe environments, for instance, in nuclear power plants, where they may be degraded by high-energy radiation and heat. The ageing behaviour of materials used in different equipments is very important. Elastomers based on chlorosulfonated polyethylene (CSM) are used for cable jacketing materials and have excellent radiation resistance needed in nuclear power stations. In the current work, the influence of gamma-irradiation dose (100, 200 and 400 kGy) on the ageing of reinforced blends based on CSM, styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) and natural rubber (NR) has been evaluated. The content of silica in CSM/SBR and CSM/NR rubber blends was varied. The curing behavior of compounds was estimated using the oscillating disk reometer. The irradiation of nano composites has been performed in air in the Co 60 radiation sterilization unit with the dose rate of 10 kGy h(-1). The thermal properties were studied by thermogravimetric test. The mechanical properties (hardness, modulus at 100% elongation, tensile strength and elongation at break) were determined before and after irradiation. A decrease in the elastic modulus and in the strain at break has been observed with increasing irradiation. At higher doses, the network chain scissions become the main degradation process, the cross-linked topology becomes irregular, and material contains more and more weak zones, which deteriorate the ultimate properties.4th International Conference on Radiation and Applications in Various Fields of Research (RAD), Proceedings, May 23-27, 2016, Nis, Serbi

Supplementary material for the article: Romanović, M. Č.; Milenković, M. R.; Pevec, A.; Turel, I.; Spasojević, V.; Grubišić, S.; Radanović, D.; Anđelković, K.; Čobeljić, B. Crystal Structures, Magnetic Properties and DFT Study of Cobalt(II) Azido Complexes with the Condensation Product of 2 Quinolinecarboxaldehyde and Girard’s T Reagent. Polyhedron 2018, 139, 142–147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.poly.2017.10.018

Supplementary material for: [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.poly.2017.10.018]Search results: [https://www.ccdc.cam.ac.uk/structures/search?id=doi:10.5517/ccdc.csd.cc1pcd7p&sid=DataCite]Search results: [https://www.ccdc.cam.ac.uk/structures/search?id=doi:10.5517/ccdc.csd.cc1pcd6n&sid=DataCite]Related to published version: [http://cherry.chem.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2580]Related to accepted version: [http://cherry.chem.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3193

The clay minerals from greda deposit

The term "clay" refers to natural materials composed of fine minerals, which in their composition contain water molecules, which give it the property of plasticity, which is lost by drying processes. The basic physical and chemical characteristics of clay are low permeability, the possibility of cation exchange, thermal structural stability, swelling processes. These characteristic properties appear as a consequence of the crystal structure, in which the layers of SiO4, tetrahedra, extend infinitely in two dimensions. In this paper are presented the basic structural and crystallochemical properties of clay from Greda deposit

Supplementary data for the article: Darmanović, D.; Shcherbakov, I. N.; Duboc, C.; Spasojević, V.; Hanžel, D.; Anđelković, K.; Radanović, D.; Turel, I.; Milenković, M.; Gruden, M.; et al. Combined Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of the Origin of Magnetic Anisotropy in Pentagonal Bipyramidal Isothiocyanato Co(II), Ni(II), and Fe(III) Complexes with Quaternary-Ammonium-Functionalized 2,6-Diacetylpyridine Bisacylhydrazone. Journal of Physical Chemistry C 2019, 123 (51), 31142–31155. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.9b08066

Supplementary material for: [https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.9b08066]Related to published version: [http://cherry.chem.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3855]Related to accepted version: [http://cherry.chem.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3856

Gamma-radiation aging of silica filled chlorosulphonated polyethylene/ butadiene acrylonitrile rubber blends

In this applicative work curing behavior, mechanical properties and gammaradiation aging of silica filled elastomeric nanocomposites based on rubber blend: butadiene acrylonitrile rubber (NBR) and chlorosulphonated polyethylene rubber (CSM) were used as network precursors. The vulcanization characteristics were assessed for NBR/CSM rubber blends (50:50, w/w) using oscillating disc rheometer. The gamma radiation resistance of composites was determined from the tensile properties (hardness, tensile strength and elongation at break) after prolonged exposure to γ-irradiation (dose rate of 10 kGyh-1 and total absorbed dose of 100, 200 and 400 kGy

The effect of gamma irradiation on ethylene propylene diene terpolymer/chlorosulphonated polyethylene rubber blend cured with different systems

This work aimed to study the effects of gamma irradiation on the properties of ethylene propylene diene terpolymer/chlorosulphonated polyethylene rubber blend (EPDM/CSM) 50/50 reinforced with 50 phr (parts per hundred rubber) of carbon black and crosslinked either with sulphur/tetramethyl thiuram disulphide or dicumyl peroxide. Irradiation dose rate were 100, 200 and 400 kGy h-1. It was observed that doses higher than 200 kGy practically destroy the assessed properties for all obtained elastomeric materials, irrespective of used curing system. However samples cured with sulphur showed a pronounced decrease in mechanical properties.Physical chemistry 2012 : 11th international conference on fundamental and applied aspects of physical chemistry; Belgrade (Serbia); 24-28 September 201

The Effect of Gamma Radiation on the Ageing of Sulfur Cured Nr/Csm and Nbr/Csm Rubber Blends Reinforced By Carbon Black

In this work the effect of the gamma-radiation dose on ageing of carbon black reinforced elastomeric materials was studied. The compounds based on natural rubber/chlorosulfonated rubber blend (NR/CSM) and butadiene acrylonitrile rubber/chlorosulfonated rubber blend (NBR/CSM) (50 50 w/w) with different loadings (0, 20, 40, 50, 60, 80 and 100 phr) of the filler with the average particle size of 40 nm were cured by sulfur. The obtained elastomeric composites were subjected to radiation doses (100, 200, 300 and 400 kGy) in the presence of oxygen. The changes of material mechanical properties were estimated after radiation accelerated ageing. By using Fourier transform infrared measurements (ATR-FTIR) it was assessed that after exposure to doses of 100 kGy alcohols, ethers, lactones, anhydrides, esters and carboxylic acids are formed in materials. The formation of shorter polyene sequences and aromatic rings in aged samples are assumed on the basis of the obtained spectra

Curing and Mechanical Properties of Chlorosulphonated Polyethylene Rubber Blends

In this paper, the curing and mechanical properties of two series of prepared blends, i.e., chlorosulphonated polyethylene (CSM)/isobutylene-co-isoprene (IIR) rubber blends and chlorosulphonated polyethylene (CSM)/chlorinated isobutylene-co-isoprene (CIIR) rubber blends were carried out. Blends were prepared using a two-roll mill at a temperature of 40-50 degrees C. The curing was assessed using a Monsanto oscillating disc rheometer R-100. The process of vulcanization accelerated sulfur of pure rubbers and their blends was carried out in an electrically heated laboratory hydraulic press under a pressure of about 4 MPa and 160 degrees C. The stress-strain experiments were performed using a tensile tester machine (Zwick 1425). Results indicate that the scorch time, t(s2), and optimum cure time, t(c90), increase with increasing CSM content in both blends. The value of modulus at 100 and 300% elongation and tensile strength increases with increasing CSM content, whereas elongation at break shows a decreasing trend The enhancement in mechanical properties was supported by data of crosslink density in these samples obtained from swelling measurement and scanning electron microscopy studies of the rubber blends fractured surfaces

The effect of UV irradiation on hydrolytic stability of urea-formaldehyde resins filled with thermally modified montmorillonite

The hydrolytic stability of organic-inorganic nano-composites prepared by a two-stage polymerization of urea-formaldehyde resin (UF) filled with thermally activated montmorillonite (MMT) has been assessed before and after UV irradiation. The physical modification of MMT powder (type K10 with surface area 220 – 270 m2/g) was carried out by thermal treatment. The activated samples were designated as TA-K10 and the inactivated as NA-K10. The two types of ureaformaldehyde–MMT composites (UF/TA-K10 and UF/Na-K10) were synthesized. Obtained materials have been irradiated with different wavelengths of UV light (254 and 366 nm) and after that the hydrolytic stability was evaluated on the basis of free and liberated formaldehyde after acid hydrolysis. The free formaldehyde content in sample UF/TA-K10 that was irradiated was 0.60 % and it was smaller compared to the free formaldehyde content before irradiation (0.90 %). The content of the liberated formaldehyde from the modified UF composite which contains unmodified K10 was 2.04% compared to the cross-linked UF/TA-K10 where the content of the released formaldehyde was 2.82%. After UV irradiation of the UF/TA-K10 the content of the liberated formaldehyde decreased to 0.30% (for wavelength 254 nm) and 0.90 % (for wavelength 366 nm).VII International Conference on Radiation in Various Fields of Research : RAD 2019 : book of abstracts; June 10-14, 2019; Herceg Novi, Montenegr