Clozapine- induced recurrent and transient parotid gland swelling

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Attitudes of the Youth towards Entrepreneurs and Entrepreneurship: A Cross-cultural Comparison of India and China

This study argues that social support is an important enabler in entrepreneurial activity in a country or a region. One untested assumption in policy making on entrepreneurship development has been that all regions are equally desirous of entrepreneurial activity and one policy could address issues in all regions. It was argued that societal attitudes towards entrepreneurs and entrepreneurship are important determinants for future entrepreneurial activity. These attitudes would be impacted by the family background of an individual and entrepreneurial development in the region an individual comes from. It was hypothesized that more positive attitude would be seen in (i) people form entrepreneurial backgrounds, and (ii) entrepreneurially more developed regions. These hypotheses were tested on more than 5,000 respondents in India and China. The results for family background’s influence on attitudes found strong support in both India and China. Regional development showed stronger influence on attitude in India than in China. The findings and implications for studying attitudes and policy making are discussed.

Effect of the degree of ischaemic injury and reoxygenation time on the type of myocardial cell death in man: role of caspases

BACKGROUND: The importance of apoptosis in the injury sustained by the human myocardium during ischaemia and reoxygenation and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. To quantify apoptosis and necrosis induced by simulated ischaemia/reoxygenation in the human atrial myocardium, free-hand sections of right atrial appendage (n = 8/group) were subjected to 90 minutes simulated ischaemia followed by 2, 8 and 24 hours reoxygenation. RESULTS: Apoptosis, as assessed by TUNEL, was greater than necrosis after 90 minutes simulated ischaemia and 2 hours reoxygenation (35.32 ± 3.22% vs 13.55 ± 1.3%; p < 0.05) but necrosis was greater than apoptosis by 24 hours reoxygenation (45.20 ± 2.75% vs 4.82 ± 0.79%; p < 0.05). Total caspase activation was similar after 90 minutes simulated ischaemia followed by 2 hours and 24 hours reoxygenation (515270 ± 99570 U vs 542940 ± 95216 U; p = NS). However, caspase-3 like activation was higher at 2 hours than at 24 hours reoxygenation (135900 ± 42200 U vs 54970 ± 19100 U; p < 0.05). Inhibition of caspase-3 by z.DEVD.fmk (70 nM) almost completely abolished apoptosis from 23.26 ± 2.854% to 0.73 ± 0.28 % (p < 0.05), without affecting necrosis. CONCLUSION: Cell death by apoptosis and necrosis in the human myocardium subjected to simulated ischaemia/reoxygenation depends on the degree of the ischaemic insult and have a different time-course with apoptosis happening early during reoxygenation and necrosis becoming more important later. Importantly, the apoptosis induced by simulated ischaemia/reoxygenation is mainly mediated by activation of caspase-3 but it does not affect necrosis

Role of multi detector computed tomography (MDCT) in evaluation of renal masses

Background: Due to rapid pace in development of imaging techniques and increasing number of investigations being done, more number of renal masses are discovered incidentally during evaluation of unrelated or unspecific symptoms. Hence it is vital to differentiate neoplastic and non-neoplastic masses. Among the neoplastic masses, there is a need to differentiate benign and malignant masses so that appropriate treatment strategies like nephron sparing surgery, radio frequency ablation etc. can be planned at an early stage and avoiding unnecessary radical treatments for improved patients survival.Methods: A Cross-sectional Observational study was done in 35 patients. Patients of either sex in any age group who had presented with suspected renal mass by clinical signs and symptoms (palpable renal angle mass, renal angle pain, hematuria) confirmed on USG examination or an incidental Renal mass diagnosed on USG/CT examination were included in our study.Results: Ultrasound is the initial imaging modality of choice since it is inexpensive, easy to perform and no radiation exposure. On USG, the renal lesions are classified as solid or cystic. Anechoic, thin walled cyst without any septations or solid components is usually Bosniak I cyst (simple cyst) and does not need any further evaluation. Rest of the cystic and solid lesions cannot be characterized by ultrasound and hence need further evaluation.Conclusions: Multidetector Computed Tomography is the imaging modality of choice for further evaluation and characterization. CT is done in four phases viz., unenhanced, corticomedullary, nephrographic and excretory phase especially in cases of malignancy while in benign conditions like angiomyolipoma and abscess, evaluation with unenhanced and single phase post contrast in portovenous phase is sufficient

Fabrication and Characterization of Mg- and Hg-doped CdS Nanostructured Thin Films Deposited by Chemical Bath Deposition

In this paper we report the preparation of Hg- and Mg-doped nanostructured CdS thin films deposited on commercial glass slide substrate by chemical bath deposition technique at room temperature. The asdeposited doped CdS nanostructured thin films were characterized using X-ray diffractometer, SEM and UV-VIS spectrophotometer. The SEM micrographs confirmed the formation of doped CdS thin film with nano-structured morphologies. The EDX studies confirm chemical composition of Hg- and Mg-doped nanostructured CdS thin films.The XRD studies confirmed the crystalline nature of thin films and nanostructured behavior. The optical studies reveal the optical energy bandgap of 3.82eV(12hrs) & 3.74eV(24hrs) and 3.59 (12hrs) & 3.22eV (24hrs) for Mg-doped CdS and Hg-doped CdS nanostructured thin films respectively. Blue shift was observed in both the doped CdS nanostructured thin films

Fabrication and Characterization of Mg- and Hg-doped CdS Nanostructured Thin Films Deposited by Chemical Bath Deposition

In this paper we report the preparation of Hg- and Mg-doped nanostructured CdS thin films deposited on commercial glass slide substrate by chemical bath deposition technique at room temperature. The asdeposited doped CdS nanostructured thin films were characterized using X-ray diffractometer, SEM and UV-VIS spectrophotometer. The SEM micrographs confirmed the formation of doped CdS thin film with nano-structured morphologies. The EDX studies confirm chemical composition of Hg- and Mg-doped nanostructured CdS thin films.The XRD studies confirmed the crystalline nature of thin films and nanostructured behavior. The optical studies reveal the optical energy bandgap of 3.82eV(12hrs) & 3.74eV(24hrs) and 3.59 (12hrs) & 3.22eV (24hrs) for Mg-doped CdS and Hg-doped CdS nanostructured thin films respectively. Blue shift was observed in both the doped CdS nanostructured thin films