Cumulative Exposure Assessment of Triazole Pesticides

In the EFSA opinion on identification of new approaches to assess cumulative and synergistic risks from pesticides to human health a tiered approach for cumulative risk assessment has been proposed. The first tier is a deterministic approach using average and large portion consumption statistics. The higher tiers include probabilistic exposure assessment and Benchmark Dose (BMD) modeling. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the feasibility and applicability of a higher tier assessment of cumulative exposure using probabilistic modeling in combination with the relative potency factor (RPF) approach. The RPFs are used to weigh the toxicity of each pesticide relative to the toxicity of a chosen index compound (pesticide). In this report the authors address both the short-term and long-term cumulative exposure to triazoles using different statistical model

Composting, anaerobic digestion and biochar production in Ghana: environmental-economic assessment in the context of voluntary carbon markets

In some areas of Sub-Saharan Africa appropriate organic waste management technology could address development issues such as soil degradation, unemployment and energy scarcity, while at the same time reducing emissions of greenhouse gases. This paper investigates the role that carbon markets could have in facilitating the implementation of composting, anaerobic digestion and biochar production, in the city of Tamale, in the North of Ghana. Through a life cycle assessment of implementation scenarios for low-tech, small scale variants of the above mentioned three technologies, the potential contribution they could give to climate change mitigation was assessed. Furthermore an economic assessment was carried out to study their viability and the impact thereon of accessing carbon markets. It was found that substantial climate benefits can be achieved by avoiding landfilling of organic waste, producing electricity and substituting the use of chemical fertilizer. Biochar production could result in a net carbon sequestration. These technologies were however found not to be economically viable without external subsidies, and access to carbon markets at the considered carbon price of 7 EUR/ton of carbon would not change the situation significantly. Carbon markets could help the realization of the considered composting and anaerobic digestion systems only if the carbon price will rise above 75-84 EUR/t of carbon (respectively for anaerobic digestion and composting). Biochar production could achieve large climate benefits and, if approved as a land based climate mitigation mechanism in carbon markets, it would become economically viable at the lower carbon price of 30 EUR/t of carbon.Industrial Ecolog

Schuimhoudende verpakkingen en milieu : milieuvergelijking van enkele kunststofschuimhoudende verpakkingen en alternatieven

Wetensch. publicatieInstitute of Environmental Science

Stofstatiegeld voor stikstof en fosfor : een vorm van financiële regulering als oplossing voor N- en P- gerelateerde milieuproblemen, Deel I: samenvatting en conclusies

VakpublicatieInstitute of Environmental Science

Bodegraven-noord: inrichting in het licht van zuiveloverschotten: bijlagen

Wetensch. publicatieInstitute of Environmental Science

Strategic design of long-term climate policy instrumentations, with exemplary EU focus

Industrial Ecolog

Instrumentation strategies and instrument mixes for long term climate policy

Seventh Framework Programme (FP7)European Union FP7 ENV.2012.6.1-4: Exploiting the full potential of economic instruments to achieve the EU’s key greenhouse gas emissions reductions targets for 2030 and 2050 under grant agreement n° 308680Industrial Ecolog