579 research outputs found

    A COMPARISON OF THE LIFE CYCLE RITUALS OF THE MNONG ETHNIC GROUP IN DAM RONG DISTRICT (LAM DONG PROVINCE) AND DAK SONG DISTRICT (DAK NONG PROVINCE)

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    The Mnong are an ethnic minority of the Central Highlands concentrated in Dak Nong, Dak Lak, and Lam Dong provinces. In their long residence in these regions and with continuous creativity, the Mnong have created cultural characteristics shown in their customs, beliefs, and festivals. Life cycle rituals are one of them. From a comparative perspective, this article delves into the spiritual beliefs in two areas where many Mnong live, Dam Rong District (Lam Dong) and Dak Song District (Dak Nong), to find similarities and differences in the beliefs and expressions of their life cycle rituals. On that basis, some solutions are proposed to help preserve their ethnic identities through the life cycle rituals with the purpose of preserving the cultural diversity of the Mnong residents in the Central Highlands.The Mnong are an ethnic minority of the Central Highlands concentrated in Dak Nong, Dak Lak, and Lam Dong provinces. In their long residence in these regions and with continuous creativity, the Mnong have created cultural characteristics shown in their customs, beliefs, and festivals. Life cycle rituals are one of them. From a comparative perspective, this article delves into the spiritual beliefs in two areas where many Mnong live, Dam Rong District (Lam Dong) and Dak Song District (Dak Nong), to find similarities and differences in the beliefs and expressions of their life cycle rituals. On that basis, some solutions are proposed to help preserve their ethnic identities through the life cycle rituals with the purpose of preserving the cultural diversity of the Mnong residents in the Central Highlands

    To Be or Not to Be Both CEO and Board Chair

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    Part I of this article discusses the management and monitoring responsibilities of the board of directors. Part II explores the duality governance structure and its prevalence in corporate America. In Part III, the article examines and weighs the theoretical arguments for and against duality. Based on these arguments, this part assesses the impact of combined or separate CEO and Chair positions on the board’s performance of its management and monitoring responsibilities. Part IV turns to the empirical data on the effect of combined, rather than separate, CEO-Chair roles on corporate performance. Part V explains the views of corporate stakeholders on the duality debate. The article concludes that theoretical arguments and empirical evidence, as reflected in financial and nonfinancial metrics, strongly suggest that a corporate governance structure with a nonexecutive Chair, instead of a dual CEO-Chair, is better suited to the fulfillment of the directors’ fundamental responsibilities to oversee business operations and monitor management for the purpose of enhancing shareholder value

    To Be or Not to Be Both CEO and Board Chair

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    Part I of this article discusses the management and monitoring responsibilities of the board of directors. Part II explores the duality governance structure and its prevalence in corporate America. In Part III, the article examines and weighs the theoretical arguments for and against duality. Based on these arguments, this part assesses the impact of combined or separate CEO and Chair positions on the board’s performance of its management and monitoring responsibilities. Part IV turns to the empirical data on the effect of combined, rather than separate, CEO-Chair roles on corporate performance. Part V explains the views of corporate stakeholders on the duality debate. The article concludes that theoretical arguments and empirical evidence, as reflected in financial and nonfinancial metrics, strongly suggest that a corporate governance structure with a nonexecutive Chair, instead of a dual CEO-Chair, is better suited to the fulfillment of the directors’ fundamental responsibilities to oversee business operations and monitor management for the purpose of enhancing shareholder value

    Corruption: Case Studies of Vietnam and Italy

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    Corruption is morally and legally wrong. Despite many governmental policies and strategies designed to combat corruption, it still persists in most parts of the world. To understand why corruption is so persistent and pervasive, it is necessary to recognize the perceptions of the beneficiaries and victims of the issue and to comprehend the extent to which cultural biases influence individuals’ decisions to give in to corruption. Acquiescence to dishonest and fraudulent behavior can foster political corruption in many countries. Vietnam and Italy were selected as case studies for this paper. Using the case studies of these two different countries will provide an explanation of how different cultural and social contexts can influence the prevalence of corruption. This paper also endeavors to give some practical recommendations to policy makers and to activists to ponder upon

    To Be or Not to Be Both CEO and Board Chair

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    Lifting the Curse of the SOX Through Employee Assessments of the Internal Control Environment

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    EFFECTS OF EXTENSIVE READING ON EFL LEARNERS’ WRITING PERFORMANCE

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    Extensive Reading (ER) is considered as a good learning technique to enhance every skill in language learning. It is considered to assist the improvement of other skills of language learners especially English as a Foreign Language (EFL) leaners. This study is designed to evaluate the effectiveness of ER on EFL learners’ writing performance and to identify the EFL learners’ attitude towards the effects of ER on writing performance. The study recruited a group of 59 non-English majors at a public university in Vietnam. The participants were divided into two groups, i.e., experimental group and control group. The participants in the experimental group were assigned extensive reading materials as their homework to support their learning of writing meanwhile the participants in the control group were guided to write without the support of extensive reading materials. To check the differences of the participants’ writing ability before and after the intervention, pre-test and post-test were employed. A questionnaire was also delivered to the experimental group after the treatment. The results from the tests revealed that ER supported EFL learners in their writing performance. The experimental group had more significant enhancement. The results obtained from the questionnaire also indicated that the EFL learners had positive attitudes towards the use of extensive reading materials provided in their writing learning process.   Article visualizations

    Detection of 16S rRNA and 23S rRNA gene mutations in multidrug resistant Salmonella serovars isolated from different sources using RNA sequencing method

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    The rapid emergence of resistant bacteria is occurring worldwide. Antibiotic resistance is a serious problem for human beings because pathogenic microorganisms that acquire such resistance void antibiotic treatments. Bacterial antibiotic resistance mechanisms include efflux, reduced influx, modification and degradation of the drug, as well as mutation, modification or overexpression of the target. However, our knowledge as to how bacteria acquire antibiotic resistance is still fragmented, especially for ribosome-targeting drugs. Salmonella is a leading cause of foodborne salmonellosis in the world. The number of antibiotic resistant isolates identified in humans is steadily increasing, suggesting that the spread of antibiotic resistant strains is a major threat to public health. Salmonella is commonly identified in a wide range of animal hosts, food sources, and environments, but our knowledge as to how Salmonella resistance to antibiotics is still fragmented in this ecologically complex serovar. Therefore, the aim of this study was to support for finding novel mechanisms that render bacteria resistant to the ribosome targeting antibiotics, we screen for antibiotic resistant 16S and 23S ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) in multidrug resistant Salmonella serovars isolated from raw retail meats isolated from Hanoi, Vietnam. Bioinformatic analysis identified 193 unknown novel mutations (64 mutations in 16S rRNA and 129 mutations in 23S rRNA genes). These mutations might play a role in streptomycin resistant in Salmonella serovars. These results suggest that uncharacterized antibiotic resistance mutations still exist, even for traditional antibiotics. This study is only a preliminary kind, further validation before they are applied in Salmonella or other closely related species are required

    Étude du comportement électromécanique du ventricule gauche canin sous différents modes de stimulation

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    La thérapie de resynchronisation cardiaque (CRT) est un traitement qui diminue la mortalité et améliore la qualité de vie des patients atteints d’insuffisance cardiaque et présentant un dyssynchronisme de la contraction ventriculaire gauche. Malgré le succès de cette thérapie, plus de 30% des patients ne présentent pas l’amélioration désirée. Plusieurs études portant sur le synchronisme électrique ou mécanique de la contraction ont été effectuées mais peu d’entres elles se sont attardées sur le couplage électromécanique à l'échelle macroscopique. Ce projet a comme objectif d’observer le comportement électromécanique des ventricules canins en présence d’un resynchronisateur cardiaque. Un logiciel a été développé pour permettre l’analyse des informations provenant de la cartographie endocardique sans contact et de la ventriculographie isotopique tomographique chez 12 sujets canins insuffisants. Pour observer la réponse mécanique suite à l’activation électrique, nous avons premièrement recalé les surfaces issues des 2 modalités. Ensuite, nous avons défini les limites du cycle cardiaque, analysé les signaux électriques et les courbes de déplacement de la paroi endocardique. Le début de la contraction est défini par un déplacement radial de 10% vers le centre du ventricule. Les résultats démontrent que la durée d’activation du ventricule gauche et la largeur du QRS augmentent en présence d’une stimulation externe et que les délais électromécaniques sont indépendants dans les modes de stimulation étudiés (sinusal, LVbasal, RVapex ou BIV) avec une moyenne de 84,56±7,19 ms. Finalement, nous avons noté que la stimulation basolatérale procure une fonction cardiaque optimale malgré une durée prolongée du QRS.Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (CRT) is known to decrease mortality rate and improve the quality of life for patients suffering from heart failure with left ventricular contraction dyssynchrony. However, it has been shown that 30% of patients do not respond to this therapy. Many studies have investigated the electrical or mechanical synchronism of contraction but few have studied the activation contraction coupling on a macroscopic level. The objective of this study is to observe the left ventricle’s electromechanical behaviour under biventricular stimulation. A software has been developed to analyse the data coming from non-contact mapping and blood pool SPECT for 12 dogs with heart failure. In order to observe the mechanical response following an electrical activation, we have registered 3D surfaces generated by the 2 modalities. Afterward, we defined the cardiac cycle limits, and we analyzed electrical signals as well as endocardial wall displacement curves where the onset of contraction was defined as a 10% inward radial displacement. Results show that both duration of left ventricular activation and QRS increase with pacing and that electromechanical delays are independent of stimulation mode (mean value 84,56 ± 7,19 ms). Finally, we observed that basolateral stimulation shows the best improvement for left ventricular function while presenting a long QRS duration

    Essai sur des tests de spécification pour des modèles financiers

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    Dans cette thèse, nous présentons trois essais sur des tests de spécification des modèles financiers. Notre objectif est de développer une procédure optimale adaptative pour tester la spécification des modèles financiers basée sur les tests de Hong (1996) modifiés. Avec cette procédure, les tests ont des propriétés optimales et ils détectent les alternatives locales à la Pitman à un taux qui est proche de n-½. Le premier essai propose une procédure optimale adaptative pour tester la dépendance temporelle de forme inconnue basée sur les tests de Hong (1996) modifiés. Ces derniers sont basés sur la distance entre l'estimateur non paramétrique de la densité spectrale normalisée et celle provenant de la contrainte imposée par l'hypothèse nulle. Ils se distinguent par la mesure de distance choisie, soit la norme quadratique, la métrique de Helling ou encore le critère d'information de Kullback-Leibler. Sous l'hypothèse nulle, nos tests modifiés sont asymptotiquement distribués selon une loi N (0,1). Les avantages des tests basés sur la procédure optimale adaptative en comparaison avec les tests de Hong sont les suivants: (1) Le paramètre du noyau n'est pas choisi de façon arbitraire mais est plutôt déterminé par les données. (2) Les tests sont de type adaptatif à taux optimaux dans le sens de Horowitz et Spokoiny (2001). (3) Ils détectent l'alternative à la Pitman à un taux proche de n-½ . Nos simulations montrent que les tests basés sur notre procédure ont un niveau plus précis tout en étant plus puissants que les tests de Box et Pierce (1970) (BP), de Ljung et Box (1978) (LB), les tests du multiplicateur de Lagrange de Breusch (1978) et Goldfrey (1978) (LlVI) et les tests de Hong (1996). Dans le deuxième essai, nous appliquons la procédure optimale proposée dans le premier afin de détecter les effets ARCH (hétéroscédasticité conditionnelle autorégressive) et ACD (autorégressif de durée conditionnelle). Cette procédure permet de choisir le paramètre du noyau à partir des données et ainsi obtenir des tests avec des propriétés optimales. À l'aide de simulations, nous montrons que notre procédure génère des tests dont le niveau est exact et qui sont plus puissants que les tests LM, BP, LB ainsi que ceux de Hong pour tester les effets ARCH et ACD. Par la suite, on applique notre procédure à certaines applications basées sur des données financières afin d'illustrer les conclusions obtenues.\ud L'objectif du troisième essai est d'augmenter la puissance des tests basés sur la procédure optimale adaptative présentés dans le premier en choisissant une bande de fréquence pertinente pour la fonction de densité spectrale. Dans le premier essai, les tests basés sur la procédure optimale pour détecter la dépendance temporelle sont basés sur l'estimateur non paramétrique de la densité spectrale en utilisant la bande de fréquences entière [-π, π]. L'idée principale est que la puissance des tests basés sur une fonction de densité spectrale dépend de la position de son sommet. Notre première classe de statistiques de tests en est une qui se concentre sur une bande de fréquences fixée et arbitraire. Il est connu que quand le sommet du spectre se trouve à la fréquence zéro et que la puissance spectrale est concentrée aux basses fréquences, les tests pour détecter la dépendance temporelle aux basses fréquences sont probablement puissants mais dans le cas où le spectre a un sommet à une fréquence autre que zéro, la puissance des tests est probablement faible. Nos simulations confirment cette intuition. Les deux dernières classes contiennent des tests de type supremum symétriques ou non-symétriques. Ils consistent à choisir une bande de fréquences symétriques ou non-symétriques de telle sorte que les statistiques sont maximisées. À l'aide de simulations, nous trouvons que les tests provenant des classes de type supremum sont plus puissants que ceux présentés dans le premier essai. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : Économétrie, Finance, Modèle, Séries temporelles
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