An Efficient Approach to 2-CF3-Indoles Based on ortho-Nitrobenzaldehydes

The catalytic olefination reaction of 2-nitrobenzaldehydes with CF3CCl3 afforded stereoselectively trifluoromethylated ortho-nitrostyrenes in up to 88% yield. The reaction of these alkenes with pyrrolidine permits preparation of α-CF3-β-(2-nitroaryl) enamines. Subsequent one pot reduction of nitro-group by Fe-AcOH-H2O system initiated intramolecular cyclization to afford 2-CF3-indoles. Target products can be prepared in up to 85% yields. Broad synthetic scope of the reaction was shown as well as some followed up transformations of 2- CF3-indole

Acid Catalyzed Reactions of Substituted Salicylaldehydes with 2-Methylfuran

Abstract: Data, concerning condensation reactions of salicylaldehydes and 2-methylfuran are generalized. During the course of investigation a sequence of proceeding transformations is established. It is shown that it is possible to obtain 2-hydroxyarylbis(5methylfur-2-yl)methane, benzofuran or oxazulene derivatives selectively by simple changing of the reaction conditions

Furyl(aryl)alkanes and Their Derivatives. 19. Synthesis of Benzofuran Derivatives via 2-Hydroxyaryl-R-(5-methylfur-2-yl)methanes. Reaction of Furan Ring Opening - Benzofuran Ring Closure Type

2-Hydroxyaryl(5-methylfur-2-yl)alkanes synthesized by alkylation of 2-methylfuran with various 2-hydroxybenzylic alcohols, were rearranged into corresponding 3-R-benzo[b]furan derivatives by treatment with ethanolic HCl solution. These compounds can not be transformed into dibenzoxazulenium salts

o-Nitroaryl-bis(5-methylfur-2-yl)methanes as Versatile Synthons for the Synthesis of Nitrogen-Containing Heterocycles

2-Nitroaryldifurylmethanes 1a and 1b, readily available by condensation of 2-nitrobenzaldehyde and 6-nitroveratraldehyde with 2-methylfuran, were transformed into indole, cinnoline and benzothiazine-3,1 derivatives. The reduction of 2-nitroaryldifurylmethanes gave the corresponding anilines 2a,b or indole 3 depending on the reaction conditions. A plausible mechanism for the last reaction involving intramolecular heterocyclic addition between a nitroso-group and a furan ring is proposed. Diazotisation of the amine 2b gave a cinnoline derivative - a product of intramolecular oxidative furan ring opening. Treatment of isothiocyanates 7a,b with perchloric acid resulted in a new rearrangement with furan ring migration leading to the 4-Hbenzothiazine-3,1 derivatives

A Simple Route to Polysubstituted Indoles Exploiting Azide Induced Furan Ring Opening

A straightforward, efficient indole synthesis based on thermolysis of 2-(2-azido­benzyl)­furans with attack of the formed nitrene moiety onto the <i>ipso</i> position of furan ring has been developed. The cyclization is accompanied by furan ring opening and affords indoles with a 2-acylvinyl substituent suitable for further modifications

One-Pot Synthesis of Polynuclear Indole Derivatives by Friedel–Crafts Alkylation of γ-Hydroxybutyrolactams

The Friedel–Crafts reaction of novel 3,5-diarylsubstituted 5-hydroxy-1,5-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-2-ones was used for low cost, one-pot preparation of polycyclic indole derivatives structurally similar to Ergot alkaloids

Culture-Independent Survey of Thermophilic Microbial Communities of the North Caucasus

The Greater Caucasus is a part of seismically active Alpine&ndash;Himalayan orogenic belt and has been a center of significant volcanic activity during the Quaternary period. That led to the formation of the number of hydrothermal habitats, including subterranean thermal aquifers and surface hot springs. However, there are only a limited number of scientific works reporting on the microbial communities of these habitats. Moreover, all these reports concern only studies of specific microbial taxa, carried out using classical cultivation approaches. In this work, we present first culture-independent study of hydrotherms in the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania, located in the southern part of the North Caucasus. Using 16S metabarcoding, we analyzed the composition of the microbial communities of two subterranean thermal aquifers and terrestrial hot springs of the Karmadon valley. Analysis of correlations between the chemical composition of water and the representation of key taxa allowed us to identify the key factors determining the formation of microbial communities. In addition, we were able to identify a significant number of highly abundant deep phylogenetic lineages. Our study represents a first glance on the thermophilic microbial communities of the North Caucasus and may serve as a basis for further microbiological studies of the extreme habitats of this region

Ti proteggo, ti punisco. L'agire imprevedibile dei santi e degli spiriti osseti

Molti spiriti della religione tradizionale osseta svolgevano un doppio ruolo: da un lato proteggevano, dall'altro punivano in caso di trasgressione. Sfortunatamente questi spiriti erano altamente imprevedibili. In molti casi la punizione consisteva in una malattia: nei villaggi di alta montagna non si pensava che una malattia potesse essere trasmessa, l'idea di contagio era assente. La malattia dunque era una punizione inviata