Improvement of Technology of Thermal Insulation of Buildings

Актуальность исследований обусловлена тем, что в настоящее время современные нормы сбережения тепловой энергии и теплозащиты зданий ориентированы на применение весьма ограниченного набора решений по снижению энергетического потребления, не всегда отвечающих конкретным условиям строительства и зачастую весьма дорогостоящих. Предложена методика исследования эффективного утепления ограждающих конструкций стен зданий, учитывающая взаимосвязь конструктивных, теплотехнических, режимных параметров и экономических показателей. Целью является определение оптимального значения толщины утепления теплоизоляционным материалом объекта с учетом отпускаемой ему тепловой энергии. В проведенном исследовании использовались методы математического моделирования теплообмена, оптимизационной задачи. Представлено экспериментальное исследование, показывающее возможность применения методики технико-экономической оптимизации тепловой изоляции ограждающих конструкций стен здания. Результатом исследования является снижение расходов тепловых потерь через ограждающие конструкции и электрической энергии на регулирование системы «отопление, вентиляция и кондиционирование». Проведенные исследования свидетельствуют о целесообразности использования предложенных разработок, способствующих определению оптимальной толщины утепления теплоизоляционным материалом стен объектов, нахождению минимальных приведенных затрат, выгодному выбору способа регулирования отпускаемой тепловой энергииThe relevance of research is due to the fact that at present, modern standards for saving thermal energy and thermal protection of buildings are focused on the use of a very limited set of solutions to reduce energy consumption, which do not always meet the specific conditions of construction and are often very expensive. A technique for studying the effective insulation of building envelopes is proposed, taking into account the relationship between structural, heat engineering, regime parameters and economic indicators. The goal is to determine the optimal value of the thickness of insulation by the heat-insulating material of the object, taking into account the thermal energy supplied to it. In the study, methods of mathematical modeling of heat transfer, an optimization problem were used. An experimental study is presented, showing the possibility of applying the technique of technical and economic optimization of thermal insulation of building envelopes. The result of the study is to reduce the cost of heat losses through building envelopes and electrical energy for the regulation of the “heating, ventilation and air conditioning” system. The conducted studies testify to the expediency of using the proposed developments, which contribute to determining the optimal thickness of insulation with heatinsulating material of the walls of objects, finding the minimum reduced costs, and an advantageous choice of a method for regulating the supplied thermal energ

Prediction of the Evolution of the Surface Roughness in Dependence of the Lubrication System for Cold Forming Processes

Lubricants for cold forging operations do not only enable a reliable forging process, but also affect the results of forging processes. A sound lubrication decreases the occurring forces and may result in a smooth specimen surface. However, some lubricants are known to increase the initial surface roughness of the specimen as a consequence of the forming. Therefore, the decision which lubricant should be used is of special interest for near-net shape operations. The paper at hand presents the results of a finite element investigation of the first stage of an industrial rod extrusion process which was investigated with two different lubrication systems. The numerical investigations focus on a reliable prediction of the development of the surface roughness in due consideration of the lubricant

RUSSIAN ONLINE SHOPPING LOGISTIC MARKET- CASE STUDY: SINOTRANS LOGISTICS & PACKAGING CO.

The study shows and explains the main strategy of market penetration, giving some recommendations regarding market entry. The plan comprises an assessment and evaluation of the Russian online shopping logistic market, the analytics of current competitive situation on Russian market, the recommendation and opportunities for the company

Prediction of the evolution of the surface roughness in dependence of the lubrication system for cold forming processes

Lubricants for cold forging operations do not only enable a reliable forging process, but also affect the results of forging processes. A sound lubrication decreases the occurring forces and may result in a smooth specimen surface. However, some lubricants are known to increase the initial surface roughness of the specimen as a consequence of the forming. Therefore, the decision which lubricant should be used is of special interest for near-net shape operations. The paper at hand presents the results of a finite element investigation of the first stage of an industrial rod extrusion process which was investigated with two different lubrication systems. The numerical investigations focus on a reliable prediction of the development of the surface roughness in due consideration of the lubricant

Influence of a heat treatment prior to cold forging operations on the performance of lubricants

Cold forging operations are subject to high tribological loads. In order to enable a reliable forging process, lubricants have to be chosen with respect to the occurring loads. However, it is known that well established lubricants can increase the surface roughness of a specimen as a consequence of the forming. On the other hand, zinc-phosphate + molybdenum disulfide which is known to create a smooth specimen surface often shows higher friction coefficients. Therefore, a sound lubrication is of special interest for near net-shape operations. The paper at hand presents the results of a heat treatment prior to cold forging operations on the performance of lubricants. The zinc-phosphate + molybdenum disulfide lubrication system indicates that a heat treatment of the lubricant results in a decrease of the friction coefficient. Tests on the Sliding Compression Test as well as a standard rod extrusion process were carried out in this investigation

Influence of a heat treatment prior to cold forging operations on the performance of lubricants

Cold forging operations are subject to high tribological loads. In order to enable a reliable forging process, lubricants have to be chosen with respect to the occurring loads. However, it is known that well established lubricants can increase the surface roughness of a specimen in consequence of the forming. On the other hand, zinc-phosphate + molybdenum disulfide which is known to create a smooth specimen surface often shows higher friction coefficients. The paper at hand presents the results of a heat treatment prior to cold forging operations on the performance of polymer, saltwax, soap and molybdenum disulfide. The zinc-phosphate + molybdenum disulfide lubrication system indicates that a heat treatment of the lubricant results in a decrease of the friction coefficient

Pulse Length Monitor for Breakdown Diagnostics in THz and Mm-Wave Accelerators

The development of novel high-gradient accelerating structures operating at THz frequencies is critical for future free-electron lasers and TeV scale linear colliders. To reach high energies with reasonable length requires high accelerating gradients of ~100 MV/m. The main limitation to reaching these high-energy gradients is the vacuum RF breakdown phenomenon, which disrupts normal accelerator operations. For stable operations and to understand the breakdown microscopic dynamics, a new device capable of detecting the breakdown occurrences is required. In this paper, we provide the design of a pulse length monitor based on an analog to digital converter for fast signal digitization without the need to use high-speed digitizers to be used in a commercial mm-wave heterodyne spectrometer

Экспериментальное исследование эффективности утепления наружных ограждающих конструкций стен здания

The relevance of research is caused by the fact that at present, modern standards for saving thermal energy and thermal protection of buildings are focused on the use of a very limited set of solutions to reduce energy consumption, which do not always meet the specific conditions of construction and are often very expensive. A method for studying the effective insulation of building envelopes is proposed, taking into account the relationship between structural, heating, regime parameters and economic indicators. The goal is to determine the optimal value of the insulation thickness of the heat-insulating material, taking into account the thermal energy supplied to the object. The study used methods of mathematical modeling of heat transfer, optimization problem. An experimental study is presented, showing the possibility of applying the method of technical and economic optimization of thermal insulation of building envelopes. It was determined on the basis of the mathematical model of the thermal insulation of building envelopes developed by the authors, taking into account the regulation of the supplied thermal energy. The result of the study is to reduce the cost of heat losses through building envelopes and electrical energy for the regulation of the “heating, ventilation and air conditioning” system. The conducted studies testify to the expediency of using the proposed developments, which contribute to determining the optimal thickness of wall insulation with heat-insulating material, finding the minimum reduced costs, and an advantageous choice of a method for regulating the supplied thermal energyАктуальность исследований обусловлена тем, что в настоящее время современные нормы сбережения тепловой энергии и теплозащиты зданий ориентированы на применение весьма ограниченного набора решений по снижению энергетического потребления, не всегда отвечающих конкретным условиям строительства и зачастую весьма дорогостоящих. Предложена методика исследования эффективного утепления ограждающих конструкций стен зданий, учитывающая взаимосвязь конструктивных, теплотехнических, режимных параметров и экономических показателей. Целью является определение оптимального значения толщины утепления теплоизоляционным материалом объекта с учетом отпускаемой ему тепловой энергии. В проведенном исследовании использовались методы математического моделирования теплообмена, оптимизационной задачи. Представлено экспериментальное исследование, показывающие возможность применения методики технико-экономической оптимизации тепловой изоляции ограждающих конструкций стен здания. Результатом исследования является снижение расходов тепловых потерь через ограждающие конструкции и электрической энергии на регулирование системы «отопление, вентиляция и кондиционирование». Проведенные исследования свидетельствуют о целесообразности использования предложенных разработок, способствующих определению оптимальной толщины утепления теплоизоляционным материалом стен объектов, нахождению минимальных приведенных затрат, выгодному выбору способа регулирования отпускаемой тепловой энерги