Mapping of the immunodominant regions of the NAD-dependent formate dehydrogenase

AbstractA panel of 4 monoclonal antibodies and 7 polyclonal antisera against NAD-dependent formate dehydrogenase from methylotrophic bacterium Pseudomonas sp. 101 has been obtained. The reactivity of the 37 overlapping proteolytic peptides with the monoclonal antibodies and polyclonal antisera has been studied with ELISA test. The data obtained were interpreted residing on the structural model of the formate dehydrogenase at 3 Å resolution. The immunodominant regions in the formate dehydrogenase molecule and the epitopes for the monoclonal antibodies were elucidated

Nonmonotonic Decay of Nonequilibrium Polariton Condensate in Direct-Gap Semiconductors

Time evolution of a nonequilibrium polariton condensate has been studied in the framework of a microscopic approach. It has been shown that due to polariton-polariton scattering a significant condensate depletion takes place in a comparatively short time interval. The condensate decay occurs in the form of multiple echo signals. Distribution-function dynamics of noncondensate polaritons have been investigated. It has been shown that at the initial stage of evolution the distribution function has the form of a bell. Then oscillations arise in the contour of the distribution function, which further transform into small chaotic ripples. The appearance of a short-wavelength wing of the distribution function has been demonstrated. We have pointed out the enhancement and then partial extinction of the sharp extra peak arising within the time interval characterized by small values of polariton condensate density and its relatively slow changes.Comment: 20 pages, LaTeX 2.09; in press in PR

Planar Graphical Models which are Easy

We describe a rich family of binary variables statistical mechanics models on a given planar graph which are equivalent to Gaussian Grassmann Graphical models (free fermions) defined on the same graph. Calculation of the partition function (weighted counting) for such a model is easy (of polynomial complexity) as reducible to evaluation of a Pfaffian of a matrix of size equal to twice the number of edges in the graph. In particular, this approach touches upon Holographic Algorithms of Valiant and utilizes the Gauge Transformations discussed in our previous works.Comment: 27 pages, 11 figures; misprints correcte

Economic Ideas and Institutional Change: Evidence from Soviet Economic Discourse 1987-1991

In recent years, institutional and evolutionary economists have become increasingly aware that ideas play an important role in economic development. In the current literature, the problem is usually elaborated upon in purely theoretical terms. In the present paper it is argued that ideas are always also shaped by historical and cultural factors. Due to this historical and cultural specificity theoretical research must be supplemented by historical case studies. The paper analyses the shift in ideas that took place in Soviet economic thought between 1987 and 1991. This case study, it is argued, may contribute to our understanding of the links between ideas and institutions. More specifically, it sheds new light on the issue of whether the evolution of economic ideas is pathdependent, so that they change only incrementally, or whether their development takes place in a discontinuous way that can best be compared with revolutions

Instability of Democracy as Resource Curse

We suggest a dynamic game theoretic model to explain why resource abundance may lead to instability of democracy. Stationary Markov perfect equilibria of this game with four players – Politician, Oligarch, Autocrat and Public (voters) – are analyzed. Choosing a rate of resource rent tax, potential Autocrat competes with conventional Politician for the office, and Oligarch, the owner of the resource wealth, bribes Politician to influence her decisions. Actual Autocrat's tax policy may be different from the announced one. If the difference is large, then Public may revolt or Oligarch may organize a coup to throw Autocrat down. It is shown that the probability of democracy preservation is decreasing in the amount of resources if the institutional quality is low enough. It does not depend on the amount of resources, if the institutional quality is higher than a threshold. The level of the threshold, however, depends positively on the resource wealth. We have found also that under very low institutional quality, a paradoxical effect takes place: the probability of democracy preservation may decrease with small improvements of institutional quality. It is shown as well that Oligarch earns larger part of rent under democracy than under autocracy. This result conforms to empirical observation which is demonstrated in the paper: under low quality of institutions, democratization leads to higher inequality and inequality entails worsening of the attitude to democracy

Динамика органной дисфункции и маркеров воспаления у пациентов с септическим шоком при мультимодальной гемокоррекции: мультицентровое, рандомизированное, контролируемое исследование

АКТУАЛЬНОСТЬ: Септический шок считается наиболее серьезным осложнением в интенсивной медицине и сопровождается значительной летальностью. Экстракорпоральная гемокоррекция может улучшить результаты лечения пациентов с септическим шоком. ЦЕЛЬ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ: оценка влияния гемокоррекции с помощью мультимодального адсорбента «Эфферон ЛПС» на динамику органной дисфункции и маркеры воспаления у пациентов с септическим шоком. МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ: Мультицентровое рандомизированное контролируемое исследование проведено в четырех медицинских организациях города Москвы (НИИ СП им. Н.Ф. Склифосовского ДЗМ, ГКБ № 1 им. Н.И. Пирогова ДЗМ, ГКБ им. С.С. Юдина ДЗМ, ГКБ № 68 им. В.П. Демихова ДЗМ) с марта 2021 г. по май 2022 г. В исследование включены 58 пациентов (29 мужчин и 29 женщин) с септическим шоком. Рандомизацию проводили в соотношении 2:1 (гемоперфузия: контроль). Не позднее 24 ч после включения пациента в исследование выполняли процедуры селективной гемоперфузии или использовали стандартную терапию. Гемосорбцию с использованием «Эфферон ЛПС» проводили двукратно, с интервалом 24,5 (23,3–26,0) ч. РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ: Применение селективного гемосорбента «Эфферон ЛПС» позволило уже через 72 ч снизить тяжесть органной дисфункции у пациентов с септическим шоком с 7 до 3 баллов по шкале SOFA (Sequential Organ Failure Assessment) за счет улучшения гемодинамики, респираторной и почечной функции. В отличие от контрольной группы, в группе «Эфферон ЛПС» уже через 72 ч значимо снижался уровень С-реактивного белка (СРБ) в 1,5 раза, прокальцитонина (ПКТ) — в 2,7 раза, интерлейкина-6 — в 2,3 раза. Тяжесть органной дисфункции значимо коррелировала с уровнем СРБ (r = 0,346) и ПКТ (r = 0,444). Длительность госпитализации выживших пациентов составила 16,1 и 30,1 дня в группе «Эфферон ЛПС» и контрольной группе соответственно (p = 0,032). Потребность в проведении заместительной почечной терапии у выживших к 3-м суткам значимо снижалась с 73,7 до 33,3 % только в группе «Эфферон ЛПС», но не в контрольной группе. ВЫВОДЫ: Применение селективного гемосорбента «Эфферон ЛПС» позволило уменьшить выраженность системного воспаления и значимо снизить тяжесть органной дисфункции у пациентов с септическим шоком за счет улучшения показателей гемодинамики, газообмена и почечной функции

Two-particle correlations in azimuthal angle and pseudorapidity in inelastic p + p interactions at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron

Results on two-particle ΔηΔϕ correlations in inelastic p + p interactions at 20, 31, 40, 80, and 158 GeV/c are presented. The measurements were performed using the large acceptance NA61/SHINE hadron spectrometer at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron. The data show structures which can be attributed mainly to effects of resonance decays, momentum conservation, and quantum statistics. The results are compared with the Epos and UrQMD models.ISSN:1434-6044ISSN:1434-605

Alteration in Superoxide Dismutase 1 Causes Oxidative Stress and p38 MAPK Activation Following RVFV Infection

Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a zoonotic disease caused by Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV). RVFV is a category A pathogen that belongs to the genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. Understanding early host events to an infectious exposure to RVFV will be of significant use in the development of effective therapeutics that not only control pathogen multiplication, but also contribute to cell survival. In this study, we have carried out infections of human cells with a vaccine strain (MP12) and virulent strain (ZH501) of RVFV and determined host responses to viral infection. We demonstrate that the cellular antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) displays altered abundances at early time points following exposure to the virus. We show that the enzyme is down regulated in cases of both a virulent (ZH501) and a vaccine strain (MP12) exposure. Our data demonstrates that the down regulation of SOD1 is likely to be due to post transcriptional processes and may be related to up regulation of TNFα following infection. We also provide evidence for extensive oxidative stress in the MP12 infected cells. Concomitantly, there is an increase in the activation of the p38 MAPK stress response, which our earlier published study demonstrated to be an essential cell survival strategy. Our data suggests that the viral anti-apoptotic protein NSm may play a role in the regulation of the cellular p38 MAPK response. Alterations in the host protein SOD1 following RVFV infection appears to be an early event that occurs in multiple cell types. Activation of the cellular stress response p38 MAPK pathway can be observed in all cell types tested. Our data implies that maintaining oxidative homeostasis in the infected cells may play an important role in improving survival of infected cells