The issues of safety and pharmacoeconomics in the management of chronic pain in the back and limbs

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), the long-term administration of which is associated with a risk for complications, gastrointestinal tract (GIT) ones in particular, are extensively used to treat chronic pain in the back and limbs. The paper reviews the data available in the literature on adverse reactions occurring with the use of NSAIDs, discusses the issues of pharmacoeconomics in the administration of various NSAIDs. The use of the selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor meloxicam (Movalis) is noted to cause fewer GIT adverse reactions than that of standard NSAIDs, the cost of treatment for GIT complications reduces

The Stability of Sulfide Sorbents Based on Silica in Aqueous Media. Part I. SBA-15 Matrix

Физико-химическими методами исследована химическая и термическая устойчивость сорбентов на основе мезопористого мезоструктурированного силиката SBA-15 с привитыми сульфидными функциональными группами типа R-S-R’. Установлено, что обработка материала в кислой, нейтральной и щелочной средах при температурах кипения приводит к незначительным изменениям структурных, текстурных и сорбционных характеристик, демонстрируя суммарные потери сорбента около 20 % мас. Привитый функциональный слой сохраняется. Полученные сорбенты способны длительное время работать в различных технологических растворах и не уступают известным коммерческим сорбентам с функциональными группамиThe chemical and thermal stability of the sulfide-functionalized (R-S-R’ type) sorbents based on SBA- 15 mesoporous mesostructured silica have been investigated by physico-chemical methods. It has been found that the material treatment in acid, neutral and alkaline conditions at the boiling temperature result in insignificant changes in structural, textural and sorption characteristics, showing sorbent total losses about 20 % mass. The grafted functional layer is saved. The sorbents obtained are able to work over a long period of time in a variety of technological solutions and are not inferior to wellknown commercial sorbents with functional group

Вопросы безопасности и фармакоэкономики при лечении хронической боли в спине и конечностях

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), the long-term administration of which is associated with a risk for complications, gastrointestinal tract (GIT) ones in particular, are extensively used to treat chronic pain in the back and limbs. The paper reviews the data available in the literature on adverse reactions occurring with the use of NSAIDs, discusses the issues of pharmacoeconomics in the administration of various NSAIDs. The use of the selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor meloxicam (Movalis) is noted to cause fewer GIT adverse reactions than that of standard NSAIDs, the cost of treatment for GIT complications reduces.Для лечения хронической боли в спине и конечностях широко используются нестероидные противовоспалительные препараты (НПВП), длительный прием которых связан с риском осложнений, особенно со стороны желудочно-кишечного тракта (ЖКТ). Представлен обзор литературы, посвященной побочным эффектам, возникающим при лечении НПВП, обсуждаются вопросы фармакоэкономики при использовании различных НПВП. Отмечается, что применение селективного ингибитора циклооксигеназы 2 мелоксикама (мовалиса) вызывает меньше побочных эффектов со стороны ЖКТ, чем прием стандартных НПВП, при этом снижаются затраты на лечение осложнений со стороны ЖКТ

Mathematical simulation of thermal state of digital current and voltage transformer in unfavourable weather conditions

This study examines issues relating to heat exchange between an innovative 6(10) kV current and voltage transformer (and its components) and its environment in unfavourable weather conditions. Existing designs of digital current and voltage transformers are featured in systems of commercial and technical electric power accounting, and also relay protection and automation. We have presented the results of mathematical simulation of the thermal state of both a single resistor included in our measuring device, and the digital transformer as a whole. Simulation was performed using the finite element method. We have taken into account the impact of such factors as direct and diffused solar radiation, high ambient temperatures and various voltage levels on the thermal state of the functioning equipment. To verify the developed mathematical model we have presented the results of a series of experiments conducted in a high-voltage environmental chamber. Our study conclusively shows that voltage, insolation and ambient temperature significantly affect the thermal state of a functioning current and voltage transformer

Mathematical simulation of thermal state of digital current and voltage transformer in unfavourable weather conditions

This study examines issues relating to heat exchange between an innovative 6(10) kV current and voltage transformer (and its components) and its environment in unfavourable weather conditions. Existing designs of digital current and voltage transformers are featured in systems of commercial and technical electric power accounting, and also relay protection and automation. We have presented the results of mathematical simulation of the thermal state of both a single resistor included in our measuring device, and the digital transformer as a whole. Simulation was performed using the finite element method. We have taken into account the impact of such factors as direct and diffused solar radiation, high ambient temperatures and various voltage levels on the thermal state of the functioning equipment. To verify the developed mathematical model we have presented the results of a series of experiments conducted in a high-voltage environmental chamber. Our study conclusively shows that voltage, insolation and ambient temperature significantly affect the thermal state of a functioning current and voltage transformer

Sol-Gel Synthesis and Adsorption Properties of Mesoporous Silica with Mercapto Groups

Меркапто-функционализированные мезопористые силикаты были синтезированы золь-гель методом с использованием направляющего агента Pluronic 123 и исследованы различными физико-химическими методами. При синтезе сорбентов вводили различное количество (3-меркаптопропил)триметоксисилана (MPTMS) от 10 до 40 % относительно TEOS с предгидролизом TEOS и без него. Удельная внутренняя поверхность полученных сорбентов составляет от 300 до 700 м2/г. Доступность поверхности обеспечивается порами диаметром от 3 до 5 нм, что подтверждается прямо пропорциональной связью сорбционной емкости и содержания серы в образцах. Сорбционная емкость по Hg(II) и Pd(II) численно сопоставима и составляет до 0,7 ммоль/г для сорбентов, содержащих 10 % MPTMS, и около 1 ммоль/г – для сорбентов, содержащих 20 % MPTMSThe mercapto-functionalized mesoporous silicas have been synthesized via a surfactant-templated sol-gel route using the Pluronic 123 as a directing agent and investigated by different physicochemical methods. Various amounts of (3-mercaptopropyl)trimethoxysilane (MPTMS) from 10 to 40 % relative to TEOS have been introduced during the sol-gel synthesis with and without TEOS prehydrolysis. The specific surface of the sorbents obtained is 300 to 700 m2/g. The accessibility of the surface is ensured by the pores with a diameter of 3 to 5 nm, which is confirmed by a directly proportional relationship between the sorption capacity and the sulfur content in the samples obtained. Hg(II) and Pd(II) sorption capacities are numerically comparable and found to be 0.7 mmol/g for sorbents containing 10 % MPTMS, and about 1 mmol/g for sorbents containing 20 % MPTM

The Stability of Sulfide Sorbents Based on Silica in Aqueous Media. Part I. SBA-15 Matrix

Физико-химическими методами исследована химическая и термическая устойчивость сорбентов на основе мезопористого мезоструктурированного силиката SBA-15 с привитыми сульфидными функциональными группами типа R-S-R’. Установлено, что обработка материала в кислой, нейтральной и щелочной средах при температурах кипения приводит к незначительным изменениям структурных, текстурных и сорбционных характеристик, демонстрируя суммарные потери сорбента около 20 % мас. Привитый функциональный слой сохраняется. Полученные сорбенты способны длительное время работать в различных технологических растворах и не уступают известным коммерческим сорбентам с функциональными группамиThe chemical and thermal stability of the sulfide-functionalized (R-S-R’ type) sorbents based on SBA- 15 mesoporous mesostructured silica have been investigated by physico-chemical methods. It has been found that the material treatment in acid, neutral and alkaline conditions at the boiling temperature result in insignificant changes in structural, textural and sorption characteristics, showing sorbent total losses about 20 % mass. The grafted functional layer is saved. The sorbents obtained are able to work over a long period of time in a variety of technological solutions and are not inferior to wellknown commercial sorbents with functional group

Стабильность сульфидных сорбентов на основе оксида кремния в водных средах. Часть 2. Носитель MCM-41

Sulfide sorbents based on MCM-41 have been synthesized. The chemical and thermal stability of the sorbents obtained has been investigated by physicochemical methods. It has been found that the acid treatment of the samples at the boiling point results in insignificant changes in structural, textural and sorption characteristics, demonstrating the total losses of the sorbent up to 15 wt%, which is considered to be connected with the dissolution of the malformed and unstructured particles of a silica matrix. The neutral and alkaline treatment induces more significant changes associated with the starting matrix dissolution (the weight loss is about 25-30 wt%). Nevertheless, the grafted organic functional layer is retained. The sorbents obtained are quite stable in the studied aggressive conditions and able to work over a long period of time in a variety of technological solutions and are not inferior to the well-known commercial sorbents with functional groupsСинтезированы сульфидные сорбенты на основе МСМ-41, исследована их химическая и термическая стабильность различными физико-химическими методами. Обнаружено, что кислотная обработка образцов при температуре кипения приводит к незначительным изменениям структурных, текстурных и сорбционных характеристик, демонстрируя общие потери сорбента до 15 масс.%. Указанный факт связан с растворением плохо сформированных и неструктурированных частиц кремниевой матрицы. Нейтральная и щелочная обработка приводит к более значительным изменениям, связанным с растворением исходной матрицы (потеря массы составляет около 25-30 масс.%). Тем не менее привитый органический функциональный слой сохраняется. Полученные сорбенты на основе МСМ-41, как и на основе SBA-15, относительно стабильны в изученных агрессивных условиях и способны работать в течение длительного периода времени в различных технологических раствора

Стабильность сульфидных сорбентов на основе оксида кремния в водных средах. Часть 2. Носитель MCM-41

Sulfide sorbents based on MCM-41 have been synthesized. The chemical and thermal stability of the sorbents obtained has been investigated by physicochemical methods. It has been found that the acid treatment of the samples at the boiling point results in insignificant changes in structural, textural and sorption characteristics, demonstrating the total losses of the sorbent up to 15 wt%, which is considered to be connected with the dissolution of the malformed and unstructured particles of a silica matrix. The neutral and alkaline treatment induces more significant changes associated with the starting matrix dissolution (the weight loss is about 25-30 wt%). Nevertheless, the grafted organic functional layer is retained. The sorbents obtained are quite stable in the studied aggressive conditions and able to work over a long period of time in a variety of technological solutions and are not inferior to the well-known commercial sorbents with functional groupsСинтезированы сульфидные сорбенты на основе МСМ-41, исследована их химическая и термическая стабильность различными физико-химическими методами. Обнаружено, что кислотная обработка образцов при температуре кипения приводит к незначительным изменениям структурных, текстурных и сорбционных характеристик, демонстрируя общие потери сорбента до 15 масс.%. Указанный факт связан с растворением плохо сформированных и неструктурированных частиц кремниевой матрицы. Нейтральная и щелочная обработка приводит к более значительным изменениям, связанным с растворением исходной матрицы (потеря массы составляет около 25-30 масс.%). Тем не менее привитый органический функциональный слой сохраняется. Полученные сорбенты на основе МСМ-41, как и на основе SBA-15, относительно стабильны в изученных агрессивных условиях и способны работать в течение длительного периода времени в различных технологических раствора

The exon junction complex factor Y14 is dynamic in the nucleus of the beetle Tribolium castaneum during late oogenesis

Abstract Background The oocyte chromosomes of the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum, are gathered into a knot, forming a karyosphere at the diplotene stage of meiotic prophase. Chromatin rearrangement, which is a characteristic feature of oocyte maturation, is well documented. The T. castaneum karyosphere is surrounded by a complex extrachromosomal structure termed the karyosphere capsule. The capsule contains the vast majority of oocyte RNA. We have previously shown using a BrUTP assay that oocyte chromosomes in T. castaneum maintain residual transcription up to the very end of oocyte maturation. Karyosphere transcription requires evidently not only transcription factors but also mRNA processing factors, including the components of the exon junction complex with its core component, the splicing factor Y14. We employed a gene engineering approach with injection of mRNA derived from the Myc-tagged Y14 plasmid-based construct in order to monitor the newly synthesized fusion protein in the oocyte nuclei. Results Our preliminary data have been presented as a brief correspondence elsewhere. Here, we provide a full-length article including immunoelectron-microscopy localization data on Y14–Myc distribution in the nucleus of previtellogenic and vitellogenic oocytes. The injections of the fusion protein Y14–Myc mRNA into the oocytes showed a dynamic pattern of the protein distribution. At the previtellogenic stage, there are two main locations for the protein: SC35 domains (the analogues of interchromatin granule clusters or nuclear speckles) and the karyosphere capsule. At the vitellogenic stage, SC35 domains were devoid of labels, and Y14–Myc was found in the perichromatin region of the karyosphere, presumably at the places of residual transcription. We show that karyosphere formation is accompanied by the movement of a nuclear protein while the residual transcription occurs during genome inactivation. Conclusions Our data indicate that the karyosphere capsule, being a destination site for a protein involved in mRNA splicing and export, is not only a specializes part of nuclear matrix separating the karyosphere from the products of chromosome activity, as believed previously, but represents a special nuclear compartment involved in the processes of gene expression in the case the karyosphere retains residual transcription activity