The Toroid Moment of Majorana Neutrino

If neutrino is the Majorana particle it can possess only one electromagnetic characteristic, the toroid dipole moment (anapole) in the static limit and nothing else. We have calculated the diagonal toroid moment (form factor) of the Majorana neutrino by the dispersion method in the one-loop approximation of the Standard Model and found it to be different from zero in the case of massive as well as massless neutrinos. All external particles are on the mass shells and there are no problems with the physical interpretation of the final result. Some manifestations of the toroid interactions of Majorana neutrinos, induced by their toroid moments, are also remarked.Comment: 22 pages, 1 table and 3 EPS-figures included, uses prd.sty, preprint.sty, aps.sty and epsfig.sty (RevTeX is used), major conceptual changes of E2-96-53 are include

Transition Radiation of the Neutrino Toroid Dipole Moment

We discuss the transition radiation of a neutrino induced by its toroid dipole moment (τ) when crossing the interface between two different media with different refraction indices. A neutrino of 1 MeV energy emits approximately 10 −40 keV at τ = e √ 2GF/π 2. This effect depends very slightly on the neutrino mass and has a finite value in the massless limit. I

Taxon-level assessment of the data collection quality in Atlas Florae Europaeae : insights from the case of Rosa (Rosaceae) in Eastern Europe

By the method of data re-collection and re-assessment, we here test the completeness of distribution areas of the species and species aggregates of Rosa in Eastern Europe as mapped in volume 13 of Atlas Florae Europaeae (AFE), and discuss insights into the issues connected with the data. We found many new occurrences which are additions to the published maps: 1068 records of species and 570 records of species aggregates. The new occurrences are listed with references to the sources, and the updated AFE maps are provided. The greatest increase by new native occurrences was revealed for the species that are widespread or taxonomically complicated, and by new alien occurrences for the species that currently expand their secondary distribution areas. The mapping work published in 2004 is considered good, with minor omissions caused by possible oversights and incomplete sampling. The majority of new additions originated in the period after the original data collection. Nearly the same amount of new data originated from larger and smaller herbarium collections, underlining the value of small collections for chorological studies. We found that only ca 20% of new records based on herbarium specimens have been published, thus highlighting the need for data papers for publication of distributional data. The greatest increase by new records based on herbarium specimens was found for insufficiently studied territories (Belarus, central, northern and eastern parts of Russia), whereas the same level of increase for the territories with reasonably good coverage (Latvia) was achieved by observations. We conclude that the overall sparsity of published records in Eastern Europe is caused by a lower level of data collection rather than by poor data availability, and that floristic surveys based on herbarium specimens cannot compete in speed and density of records with observation-based surveys, which may become the main source of distributional information in the future.Peer reviewe

Taxon-level assessment of the data collection quality in Atlas Florae Europaeae: insights from the case of Rosa (Rosaceae) in Eastern Europe

By the method of data re-collection and re-assessment, we here test the completeness of distribution areas of the species and species aggregates of Rosa in Eastern Europe as mapped in volume 13 of Atlas Florae Europaeae (AFE), and discuss insights into the issues connected with the data. We found many new occurrences which are additions to the published maps: 1068 records of species and 570 records of species aggregates. The new occurrences are listed with references to the sources, and the updated AFE maps are provided. The greatest increase by new native occurrences was revealed for the species that are widespread or taxonomically complicated, and by new alien occurrences for the species that currently expand their secondary distribution areas. The mapping work published in 2004 is considered good, with minor omissions caused by possible oversights and incomplete sampling. The majority of new additions originated in the period after the original data collection. Nearly the same amount of new data originated from larger and smaller herbarium collections, underlining the value of small collections for chorological studies. We found that only ca 20% of new records based on herbarium specimens have been published, thus highlighting the need for data papers for publication of distributional data. The greatest increase by new records based on herbarium specimens was found for insufficiently studied territories (Belarus, central, northern and eastern parts of Russia), whereas the same level of increase for the territories with reasonably good coverage (Latvia) was achieved by observations. We conclude that the overall sparsity of published records in Eastern Europe is caused by a lower level of data collection rather than by poor data availability, and that floristic surveys based on herbarium specimens cannot compete in speed and density of records with observation-based surveys, which may become the main source of distributional information in the future