COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF FIVE METHODS FOR EARLY DIAGNOSIS OF OCCLUSAL CARIES LESIONS – in vitro study.

Purpose: The aim of the presented in vitro study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the device DIAGNOcam and the laser fluorescence device DIAGNOdent for early diagnosis of occlusal caries and to compare it with three traditional methods – visual and tactile, dye and radiographic examination. Material and methods: The sample consisted of 60 extracted human teeth. Three clinicians diagnosed independently the presence or absence of early occlusal surface caries with the visible tactile method,DIAGNOcam andDIAGNOdent. Then X-rays were taken and the dentists viewed them separately, without magnification.Fuchsine was applied for 30 sec. and then washed under running water for 20 min. Places where dye was present were registered. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS package of Windows. Results: The results showed high level of correspondence between the authors for all the diagnostic methods. Concerning different methods applied for caries diagnosis there was a correlation between the methods, but it was diverging for the different methods. No correlation between radiographic exam and data obtained with DIAGNOdent and dye staining was observed. Conclusions: Based on the obtained results we may conclude that the least sensitive method for fissure caries diagnosis was the dye staining, followed by the radiographic exam. The results, obtained by DIAGNOdent and DIAGNOcam were very close, but DIAGNOcams’ data was better correlating with the clinical results.DIAGNOcam procedure can be judged as equivalent in the detection of occlusal dentine lesions when compared to clinical results

CHANGES IN VALUES MEASURED WITH A LASER FLUORESCENCE SYSTEM FOR ENAMEL AND DENTIN ETHCED FOR DIFFERNT TIME INTERVALS - pilot study.

Purpose: The aim of the presented in vitro study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the laser fluorescent device DIAGNOdent in measuring changes in the level of mineralization of intact enamel surfaces etched for different time intervals and intact dentin etched for 30 sec. Material and methods: The study was performed on extracted human teeth. DIAGNOcam was used to measure the values of laser fluorescence of intact enamel and dentinal surfaces. Then the samples were treated with 37% H2PO3 etchant for 5, 30 and 60 sec for enamel surfaces and 30 sec for dentinal. Teeth were rinsed, dried and measured again with DIAGNOdent. Statistical analysis was done using statistical software SPSS 16.0 (SPSS Inc.). Results: After etching the enamel surfaces for 5, 30 and 60 seconds an average increase of 0,5 (0.62-1.1) was detected. The detected average values of increase of laser fluorescence for the enamel were 0.5 for 5 sec. ethching, 0.62 for 30 sec and 1.1 for 60 sec. The average increase for dentine was 0.26. Conclusions: Based on the limitations of the conducted study it may be concluded that changes in the degree of mineralization of tooth structures can be detected by using DIAGNOdent. Enamel etching for 5 sec and 30 sec lead to a comparative degree of change in the laser fluorescence. The obtained values after 60 sec. of etching revealed an almost double increase. The measured changes in enamel after etching are better pronounced than that in dentin

ORAL HEALTH IN PATIENTS WITH LIVER DISEASES

In most of the patients with chronic hepatitis B and C, the disease progression to liver cirrhosis and a liver transplantation is necessary. Untreated oral diseases (including dental problems) can lead to infections and sepsis and may cause many complications in transplanted patients and a prerequisite dental evaluation is usually recommended for potential organ transplant candidates.Our aim was to determine the dental status in patients with chronic liver disease, knowing that liver transplant will be a life choices

ASSOCIATION OF THE BONE LOSS WITH MAIN CLINICAL AND MICROBIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS IN CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS

Literature data have reported that certain Gram-negative anaerobe bacteria from the subgingival environment are important etiological agents of chronic periodontal disease. Based on published criteria identifying periodontal pathogens, major evidences has been shown for: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Tannerella forsythia; moderate evidences for: Prevotella intermedia, Peptostreptococcus /Micromonas/ micros, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Eubacterium nodatum, Campylobacter rectus, and spirochetes (Treponema denticola). Microbiological data has been suggested by several studies as a useful indicator of disease progression, selection of an adjunctive antimicrobial administration, healing assessment and disease recurrence. The results of this study demonstrate statistically significant correlation between periodontal attachment loss and the prevalence of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia and Peptostreptococcus (Micromonas) micros in deep periodontal pockets of severe chronic periodontitis patients

SUBGINGIVAL MICROBIOTA IN SEVERE CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS

Literature data relate certain Gram-negative anaerobe microorganisms with advanced destructive periodontal lesion. There are some references which reported higher levels of periodontal pathogens by the red and orange complex in deep periodontal pockets. The aim of this study is to determine the presence of most important periodontal pathogens and Candida spp. in deep periodontal pockets in patients with severe chronic periodontitis. The results of this study indicate the presence of high levels of periodontal pathogens in a strong connection with periodontal disease in deep periodontal pockets of patients studied

EVALUATION OF HBV DNA LEVELS IN SALIVA IN SUBJECTS WITH DIFFERENT VIREMIA AS WELL AS DURING PEGINTERFERON α-2a THERAPY.

Hepatitis B virus is the most important infectious hazard in dental profession. Vectors of HBV infection are not only blood, but also saliva, nasopharyngeal secretions, crevicular fluid.The aim of the study was to evaluate serum and salivary HBV DNA levels in subjects with chronic infection and dynamics of HBV levels during the first 3 months of peginterferon α-2a therapy to be determined. Nineteen parallel samples were tested for HBV DNA by real-time PCR assay. All nineteen sera were positive for HBV DNA with levels ranging from 494 to 6 300 000 000 cp/ml. HBV DNA was detected in all saliva samples even in patients with very low viremia. HBV DNA levels in serum and saliva were quite similar in cases with serum HBV DNA < 10 000 cp/ml. Patients with viremia higher than 10 000 cp/ml had significantly lower HBV DNA levels in saliva.The presence of HBV DNA in saliva might not be only due to transudation or exudation of fluid containing virus from the general circulation into various body fluids. These facts clearly demonstrate the role of saliva in routes of HBV transmission. Our results confirm the possibility of dentist’s particiation in infection transmission and suggests that salivary analysis holds promise as a non-invasive approach to identify biomarkers for diseases

Attenuation of Combined Nickel(II) Oxide and Manganese(II, III) Oxide Nanoparticles' Adverse Effects with a Complex of Bioprotectors

Stable suspensions of NiO and Mn3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) with a mean (±s.d.) diameter of 16.7 ± 8.2 and 18.4 ± 5.4 nm, respectively, purposefully prepared by laser ablation of 99.99% pure nickel or manganese in de-ionized water, were repeatedly injected intraperitoneally (IP) to rats at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg 3 times a week up to 18 injections, either alone or in combination. A group of rats was injected with this combination with the background oral administration of a “bio-protective complex” (BPC) comprising pectin, vitamins A, C, E, glutamate, glycine, N-acetylcysteine, selenium, iodide and omega-3 PUFA, this composition having been chosen based on mechanistic considerations and previous experience. After the termination of injections, many functional and biochemical indices and histopathological features (with morphometric assessment) of the liver, spleen, kidneys and brain were evaluated for signs of toxicity. The Ni and Mn content of these organs was measured with the help of the atomic emission and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopies. We obtained blood leukocytes for performing the RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) test. Although both metallic NPs proved adversely bio-active in many respects considered in this study, Mn3O4-NPs were somewhat more noxious than NiO-NPs as concerns most of the non-specific toxicity manifestations and they induced more marked damage to neurons in the striatum and the hippocampus, which may be considered an experimental correlate of the manganese-induced Parkinsonism. The comparative solubility of the Mn3O4-NPs and NiO-NPs in a biological medium is discussed as one of the factors underlying the difference in their toxicokinetics and toxicities. The BPC has attenuated both the organ-systemic toxicity and the genotoxicity of Mn3O4-NPs in combination with NiO-NPs

Combined Subchronic Toxicity of Aluminum (III), Titanium (IV) and Silicon (IV) Oxide Nanoparticles and Its Alleviation with a Complex of Bioprotectors

Stable suspensions of metal/metalloid oxide nanoparticles (MeO-NPs) obtained by laser ablation of 99.99% pure elemental aluminum, titanium or silicon under a layer of deionized water were used separately, or in three binary combinations, or in a ternary combination to induce subchronic intoxications in rats. To this end, the MeO-NPs were repeatedly injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) 18 times during 6 weeks before measuring a large number of functional, biochemical, morphological and cytological indices for the organism’s status. In many respects, the Al2O3-NP was found to be the most toxic species alone and the most dangerous component of the combinations studied. Mathematical modeling with the help of the Response Surface Methodology showed that, as well as in the case of any other binary toxic combinations previously investigated by us, the organism’s response to a simultaneous exposure to any two of the MeO-NP species under study was characterized by a complex interaction between all possible types of combined toxicity (additivity, subadditivity or superadditivity of unidirectional action and different variants of opposite effects) depending on which outcome this type was estimated for and on effect and dose levels. With any third MeO-NP species acting in the background, the type of combined toxicity displayed by the other two remained virtually the same or changed significantly, becoming either more or less unfavorable. Various harmful effects produced by the (Al2O3-NP + TiO2-NP + SiO2-NP)-combination, including its genotoxicity, were substantially attenuated by giving the rats per os during the entire exposure period a complex of innocuous bioactive substances expected to increase the organism’s antitoxic resistance

ARE WE ALLERGIC TO OUR WORK

Dental materials and medicines possess high allergic potential. They provoke different allergic reactions in patients and staff. The sensibilization of the staff begins still in the dental school. There are several risk groups – the atopic individuals and these with other allergies. The aim of the study is to follow up the development and the connection between the allergic state and the professional etiology and to determine whether allergy is an obstacle for studying and practicing dental medicine

CLINICAL AND MICROBIOLOGICAL DATA IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS.

Periodontitis is an infectious disease concerning supporting tissues of the teeth. The primary etiological agent for disease development and progression is the subgingival biofilm, but recently it is known that host factors may modify the pathological process or may affect the severity and /or extent. The increasing levels of some specific pathogenic subgingival bacteria such as Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, Tannerella forsythia, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella intermedia and others can result in periodontal destruction and possibly correlate with disease severity. Data from controlled studies show high prevalence of P. gingivalis, T. forsythia and Tr. denticola which represent the red complex (coexistence of these three species) in patients with moderate and severe chronic periodontitis. Parallel investigation of probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment level (CAL) with the microbiological testing may give a confirmation of relation between subgingival pathogenic bacteria and severity of periodontitis