11 research outputs found
Millimetre Wave Telescope Project: Receiver Working group Package WP7- Schottky diode multipliers, final report
Metal contamination of urban soils in the vicinity of a municipal waste incinerator: One source among many
Identifying contemporary and historic sources of soil polychlorinated dibenzo-<em>p</em>-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans in an industrial urban setting
The legacy of historic land-use in allotment gardens in industrial urban settings: Walker Road allotment in Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
Mild Hypothermia Suppresses Calcium-Sensing Receptor (CaSR) Induction Following Forebrain Ischemia While Increasing GABA-B Receptor 1 (GABA-B-R1) Expression
A defective non-LTR retrotransposon is dispersed throughout the genome of the silkworm, Bombyx mori
Development and haematotoxicological evaluation of doped hydroxyapatite based multimodal nanocontrast agent for near-infrared, magnetic resonance and X-ray contrast imaging
Calcium-Sensing Receptor-Mediated Osteogenic and Early-Stage Neurogenic Differentiation in Umbilical Cord Matrix Mesenchymal Stem Cells from a Large Animal Model
The calcium-sensing receptor in physiology and in calcitropic and noncalcitropic diseases
The Ca2+-sensing receptor (CaSR) is a dimeric family C G protein-coupled receptor that is expressed in calcitropic tissues such as the parathyroid glands and the kidneys and signals via G proteins and β-arrestin. The CaSR has a pivotal role in bone and mineral metabolism, as it regulates parathyroid hormone secretion, urinary Ca2+ excretion, skeletal development and lactation. The importance of the CaSR for these calcitropic processes is highlighted by loss-of-function and gain-of-function CaSR mutations that cause familial hypocalciuric hypercalcaemia and autosomal dominant hypocalcaemia, respectively, and also by the fact that alterations in parathyroid CaSR expression contribute to the pathogenesis of primary and secondary hyperparathyroidism. Moreover, the CaSR is an established therapeutic target for hyperparathyroid disorders. The CaSR is also expressed in organs not involved in Ca2+ homeostasis: it has noncalcitropic roles in lung and neuronal development, vascular tone, gastrointestinal nutrient sensing, wound healing and secretion of insulin and enteroendocrine hormones. Furthermore, the abnormal expression or function of the CaSR is implicated in cardiovascular and neurological diseases, as well as in asthma, and the CaSR is reported to protect against colorectal cancer and neuroblastoma but increase the malignant potential of prostate and breast cancers