Factors Related to Cardioembolism as Major Predictors of Poor Survival after First-Ever Middle Cerebral Artery Stroke Treated with Thrombolysis

Prognostic factors related to mortality rates after stroke have been reported; however, most studies included different treatments and did not focus solely on ischemic stroke. The study aimed to report the short- and long-term survival and predictors of death in patients with first-ever ischemic stroke in the middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory, submitted to intravenous thrombolysis (IVT). A prospective observational cohort study of patients with first-ever ischemic stroke in the MCA territory treated with IVT from March 2010 to February 2015 was conducted, and patients were followed up until May 2015. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate the cumulative case fatality rates. The potential prognostic factors were identified using Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. A total of 169 patients, 51% women of mean age of 64.1 ± 12.9 years were followed up for a median time of 23.6 (8.1-36.2) months. At the end of the study, 53 (31.4%) patients had died. The estimated cumulative case fatality rate was 41.8% for 5 years. Chronic heart failure (hazards ratio [HR] 2.89, 95% CI 1.43-5.84, p = 0.003), atrial fibrillation (HR 3.88, 95% CI 1.30-11.57, p = 0.015), and symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (SICH; HR 7.83, 95% CI 3.43-17.92, p < 0.001) were significant unfavorable independent outcome predictors. The most frequent cause of death was infection (46%). Stroke in the MCA territory has a high mortality rate, even in patients treated with IVT. SICH, atrial fibrillation, and chronic heart failure are modifiable factors related to cardioembolism that need to be aggressively targeted for improved outcomes after stroke

Physicians are not well informed about the new guidelines for the treatment of acute stroke

ABSTRACT Treatment of cerebrovascular disease has advanced rapidly in the last two decades. Recent data has added challenges to the treatment of ischemic stroke in the acute phase. Objective: To evaluate the knowledge of physicians about the treatment of ischemic stroke in the acute phase. Methods: An online questionnaire was submitted to all physicians enrolled in the Regional Council of Medicine in Brazil. Results: 456 physicians from different specialties answered the questions. Most of them did not know that mechanical endovascular thrombectomy is often considered as the gold standard treatment in cases of ischemic stroke in the acute phase; and 85% of them did not realize that thrombectomy together with intravenous thrombolysis was possible. The maximum time to act in an acute event also presented many divergences, even with regard to the infusion of rtPA. The lack of structure, medication and absence of a neurologist were considered the main barriers to treatment. Conclusion: Physicians are not well informed about the new guidelines for the treatment of acute stroke. Most physicians incorrectly answered most of the questions on the questionnaire

Physicians are not well informed about the new guidelines for the treatment of acute stroke

<div><p>ABSTRACT Treatment of cerebrovascular disease has advanced rapidly in the last two decades. Recent data has added challenges to the treatment of ischemic stroke in the acute phase. Objective: To evaluate the knowledge of physicians about the treatment of ischemic stroke in the acute phase. Methods: An online questionnaire was submitted to all physicians enrolled in the Regional Council of Medicine in Brazil. Results: 456 physicians from different specialties answered the questions. Most of them did not know that mechanical endovascular thrombectomy is often considered as the gold standard treatment in cases of ischemic stroke in the acute phase; and 85% of them did not realize that thrombectomy together with intravenous thrombolysis was possible. The maximum time to act in an acute event also presented many divergences, even with regard to the infusion of rtPA. The lack of structure, medication and absence of a neurologist were considered the main barriers to treatment. Conclusion: Physicians are not well informed about the new guidelines for the treatment of acute stroke. Most physicians incorrectly answered most of the questions on the questionnaire.</p></div

Stroke recurrence in the different subtypes of ischemic stroke. The importance of the intracranial disease

ABSTRACT The aim of the study was to analyze the long-term recurrence rate in patients with a first-ever ischemic stroke secondary to intracranial large artery atherosclerosis (LAA) in a Brazilian population. Methods: All stroke patients admitted to the hospital between October 2012 and September 2015 were evaluated. The stroke mechanism subtypes were classified as cardioembolism, LAA, small-vessel occlusion, other determined etiologies, and stroke of undetermined etiology. Results: The 359 first-ever ischemic stroke patients were followed up for a mean time of 21.6 ± 15.1 months. The LAA intracranial (38.9%) and extracranial (24.6%) stroke patients presented with a higher stroke recurrence. Intracranial LAA [HR, 10.2 (3.6–29.1); p < 0.001] and extracranial LAA [HR, 5.05 (1.79–14.2); p = 0.002] were the only conditions to show positive correlation with the recurrence rate, after adjusting for risk factors, thrombolysis, and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score at admission. Conclusion: Intracranial LAA presents a higher incidence of recurrence of ischemic stroke when compared with other etiologies in a Southern Brazilian population

Stroke recurrence in the different subtypes of ischemic stroke. The importance of the intracranial disease

ABSTRACT The aim of the study was to analyze the long-term recurrence rate in patients with a first-ever ischemic stroke secondary to intracranial large artery atherosclerosis (LAA) in a Brazilian population. Methods: All stroke patients admitted to the hospital between October 2012 and September 2015 were evaluated. The stroke mechanism subtypes were classified as cardioembolism, LAA, small-vessel occlusion, other determined etiologies, and stroke of undetermined etiology. Results: The 359 first-ever ischemic stroke patients were followed up for a mean time of 21.6 ± 15.1 months. The LAA intracranial (38.9%) and extracranial (24.6%) stroke patients presented with a higher stroke recurrence. Intracranial LAA [HR, 10.2 (3.6–29.1); p < 0.001] and extracranial LAA [HR, 5.05 (1.79–14.2); p = 0.002] were the only conditions to show positive correlation with the recurrence rate, after adjusting for risk factors, thrombolysis, and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score at admission. Conclusion: Intracranial LAA presents a higher incidence of recurrence of ischemic stroke when compared with other etiologies in a Southern Brazilian population

Does the side of middle cerebral artery compromise matters in the mortality after thrombolysis in ischemic stroke?

The impact of the side in middle cerebral artery (MCA) ischemic stroke is not well established. Our aim was to analyze the differences between right (RMCA) and left middle cerebral artery (LMCA) stroke in patients submitted to intravenous thrombolysis and the influence of the affected side in the patient’s mortality after 3 months. Method Patients with MCA ischemic stroke submitted to intravenous thrombolysis from March 2010 to December 2011 at two Brazilian Stroke Centers were included. Differences between patients with RMCA and LMCA stroke were identified by univariate analysis. Results Forty-five patients with RMCA stroke and 67 with LMCA stroke were analyzed. Patients with LMCA had a higher incidence of atrial fibrillation (p = 0.031), although patients with RMCA more often had a previous ischemic stroke (p = 0.034). The mortality over 3 months was similar for either side (OR = 1.20 ;0.37 - 4.29, p = 0.772). Conclusion The side of the MCA ischemic stroke did not influence the patients mortality