Oral Health in Down Syndrome

Oral health in Down Syndrome (DS) individuals has some peculiar aspects that must be considered in the follow up of these patients. In this chapter, we will focus on the oral and maxillofacial morphological alteration, the most prevalent oral pathologies as well as preventive measures and strategies for pathologies management in this population. Also, future research on oral health of DS will be discussed

Oral Manifestations in Pediatric Patients with Coeliac Disease: A Review Article

Background:Coeliac disease is a chronic enteropathy that remains a challenge for the clinician, due to its atypical manifestations and etiopathogenic complexity.Objective:This article intends to describe the oral characteristics of Coeliac Disease in children in order to facilitate their management in the dental office.Methods:A review of the literature was performed electronically in PubMed (PubMed Central, and MEDLINE) for articles published in English from 2000 to April of 2017. The article is also based on the authors' clinical experience with children with coeliac disease. The searched keywords were “coeliac disease “,”oral manifestations “, “dental enamel defects”, “recurrent aphthous stomatitis” and “oral aphthous ulcers”.Results:There are some oral manifestations which are strictly related to coeliac disease: dental enamel defects, recurrent aphthous stomatitis, delayed tooth eruption, multiple caries, angular cheilitis, atrophic glossitis, dry mouth and burning tongue.Conclusion:The complete knowledge of the oral manifestations of coeliac disease can trigger an effective change in the quality of life of the patients with this disease.</jats:sec

Saúde Oral em Pediatria

Introdução. A saúde oral é parte integrante da saúde geral emantê-la é uma prioridade. O conhecimento da prevalênciadas patologias orais que atingem a população desde a infânciaà juventude, e a falta de medidas de prevenção simples, acessíveise eficazes, têm conduzido ao reforço da importânciadada à saúde oral nomeadamente à cárie dentária e às anomaliasde oclusão. Cuidados específicos e diferenciados no tratamentoe na prevenção na assistência à criança obrigam àestreita colaboração entre o pediatra e o odontopediatra, bemcomo à educação dos pais.Objectivo. Neste artigo os autores abordam os problemasdentários mais frequentes em Odontopediatria, com especialdestaque para os aspectos de interesse para o pediatra, obstetrae médico de medicina geral e familiar.Material e Métodos. Pesquisa bibliográfica baseada em artigospublicados e livros de texto de odontopediatria e pediatriados últimos anos, na tentativa de reunir o máximo de informaçãocientífica actual. Foram seleccionados todos os trabalhosque incluíssem como palavras-chave os termos: pediatria,criança, saúde oral, doenças orais, prevenção. Destes escolhemosos mais representativos.Conclusão.A Medicina Dentária para a criança pode resumir-seem: "Educar para manter sempre saúde oral em todos os gruposetários, pois as crianças de hoje serão os adultos saudáveisde amanhã". A prevenção é a filosofia da boa saúde no futuro.Palavras-chave: pediatria, criança, saúde oral, doenças orais,prevençãoIntroduction. The oral health is integrant part of the generalhealth and to keep it is a priority. The knowledge of the pre -valence of the oral pathologies that reach the population sinceinfancy to youth, and the lack of measures, accessible and efficientprevention, has lead to the reinforcement of the importancegiven to the oral health nominated to the dental cariesand the anomalies of occlusion. Specific and differentiatedcare in the treatment and the prevention in the assistance thechild compel to the narrow contribution between pae diatricand odontopaediatric, as well as the education of the parents.Aim. In this article the authors approach the more frequentdental problems in Odontopaediatrics, with special prominen -ce for the aspects of interest for paediatric, obstetrician andgeneral and familiar practitioner.Material and Methods. Bibliographic research based inpublis hed articles and books of odontopaediatric text and paediatricsin the last years, in the attempt to congregate the ma -xi mum of current scientific information. The works had beenselected all that included as word-key the terms: paediatrics,child, oral health, verbal illnesses and prevention. Of these wechoose the most representative.Conclusion. The Dental Medicine for the child can be summarizedin: "To educate to always keep oral health in allgroups, therefore the children of today will be the healthfuladults of tomorrow". The prevention is the philosophy of thegood health in the future

Deleterious Facial Effects Caused by Noninvasive Ventilation Mask Early Treatment, in Congenital Muscular Dystrophy

Neuromuscular disorders is a general term that encompasses a large number of diseases with different presentations. Progressive muscle weakness is the predominant condition of these disorders. Respiratory failure can occur in a significant number of diseases. The use of devices to assist ventilation is quite frequent in these types of patients. Noninvasive ventilation can be applied by various means, including nasal, oronasal, or facial masks. Masks, type bilevel positive airway pressure, continuous positive airway pressure, and similar are generally supported on the maxilla. Oral health in pediatric neuromuscular diseases has some peculiar aspects that we must consider in these patients’ follow-up. Based on a clinical case, this chapter provides a better understanding of these patients. It will focus on the oral and maxillofacial morphological alterations and preventive measures and strategies for oral pathologies management in this population. Despite always aiming at esthetics, treating these patients should always prioritize the possibilities of improving the oral and general functions of the body

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality