Some Studies of Cory's Shearwater Calonectris diomedea, around the Island of Santa Maria.

V Expedição Científica do Departamento de Biologia – Santa Maria e Formigas 1990.Preliminary observations were made in relation to preparation for a joint University of Glasgow/Universidade do Algarve expedition to the Azores, in August/September, 1990, to study the diet, feeding ecology and colony attendance patterns of the Cagarro or Cory's shearwater Calonectris diomedea. A search was made for breeding colonies suitable for detailed studies, and observations were made on the distribution of birds at sea and on rafting behaviour

Epidemiological aspects of Toxoplasma gondii infection in riverside communities in the Southern Brazilian Amazon

INTRODUCTION: Toxoplasma gondii infection is widely prevalent in humans and other animals worldwide. Information on the prevalence of T. gondii infection is scarce in some regions of Brazil, including riverside communities along the Amazon River basin. M METHODS: The prevalence of T. gondii in 231 people, aged 1-85 years, who were living in four riverside communities along the Purus River, L&#225;brea, State of Amazonas, Brazil, was determined. Antibodies against T. gondii were assayed using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. The hearts and brains of 50 chickens, which were raised free-range in the communities, were pooled according to the community of origin and bioassayed in mice. The isolates were genotyped using polymorphisms at 12 nuclear markers (SAG1, 5' and 3'-SAG2, alt.SAG2, SAG3, BTUB, GRA6, c22-8, c29-2, L358, PK1, Apico and CS3). RESULTS: The overall seroprevalence of T. gondii was 56.7% (131/231). IgG antibodies were presented by 117 (89.3%) and IgM by 14 (10.7%) of the 131 positive individuals. No association between age group and gender with prevalence was observed (chi-square test, p > 0.05); however, the comparison between localities showed that the seroprevalence of T. gondii was significantly lower among the individuals living in the Boca do Ituxi (p < 0.05) community. Five isolates of T. gondii were obtained in the mouse bioassay, and genotyping revealed two complete genotypes that had not been described previously and three mixed isolates. CONCLUSIONS: These results support previous findings that T. gondii population genetics are highly diverse in Brazil and that T. gondii infection is active in these riverside communities

Decisões financeiras em cooperativas: fontes de ineficiência e possíveis soluções Financial decisions in cooperatives: origins of inefficiency and possible solutions

Este trabalho explora o impacto de determinadas características organizacionais de cooperativas sobre suas decisões financeiras. Procede-se a uma análise teórica da questão financeira em tais organizações, definido-se variáveis importantes para o estudo da estrutura de capital e das decisões de investimento, tais como a natureza do patrimônio, o custo do capital, os incentivos organizacionais e a especificidade de ativos. O desafio principal refere-se ao desenho e implementação de uma estrutura organizacional visando aumentar a disponibilidade de capital próprio, permitindo a contração de um nível eficiente de capital de terceiros. Outro desafio refere-se à geração de incentivos organizacionais para a seleção de projetos que adicionem valor à empresa, evitando-se um nível excessivo de investimentos - um problema típico em cooperativas devido à tendência de se subestimar o custo do capital próprio. Este estudo é de ordem conceitual e sugere alguns tópicos relevantes para futuras pesquisas de ordem teórica e empírica.<br>This paper discusses the impact of certain organizational characteristics on financial decisions of cooperatives. A theoretical analysis is presented, including the discussion of some important variables to study capital structure and investment decisions in cooperatives, such as the nature of equity, cost of capital, organizational incentives, and specificity of assets. The main challenge is the design and implementing an organizational structure to attract equity capital, thereby reducing constraints to debt financing. Furthermore, the design of a proper incentive structure is needed to avoid the selection of projects with negative net present value - a typical problem in cooperatives due to the underestimation of the marginal cost of equity capital. This is a conceptual study suggesting some relevant topics for further theoretical and empirical research