Phase Transitions of the First Kind as Radiation Processes

Crystallization and vapor condensation are considered as processes of sequential entering of single atoms/molecules into condensate. The latent heat can be carry away by radiation of characteristic frequencies generated in the course of transition. The estimated dependences of latent (radiated) energy of boiling on temperature confirm and prove the well-known empirical Trouton's rule applicable to many simple substances. It leads to the estimation of interrelation of critical parameters of corresponding substances. Experimental results of the authors and other researchers concerning crystallization from the melt of different substances (alkali halides, sapphire, tellurium, ice, copper) are presented, as well as condensation of water vapor, the correspondence to the offered model is established. It allows developing of the spectroscopy of phase transitions, and can lead to control of crystallization process, to crystallization stimulated by the characteristic radiation, etc. Formation of clouds in our atmosphere should be accompanied by characteristic radiation detectable for meteorological warnings.Comment: 17 page

Mechanisms of Dendrites Occurrence during Crystallization: Features of the Ice Crystals Formation

Dendrites formation in the course of crystallization presents very general phenomenon, which is analyzed in details via the example of ice crystals growth in deionized water. Neutral molecules of water on the surface are combined into the double electric layer (DEL) of oriented dipoles; its field reorients approaching dipoles with observable radio-emission in the range of 150 kHz. The predominant attraction of oriented dipoles to points of gradients of this field induces dendrites growth from them, e.g. formation of characteristic form of snowflakes at free movement of clusters through saturated vapor in atmosphere. The constant electric field strengthens DELs' field and the growth of dendrites. Described phenomena should appear at crystallization of various substances with dipole molecules, features of radio-emission can allow the monitoring of certain processes in atmosphere and in technological processes. Crystallization of particles without constant moments can be stimulated by DELs of another nature with attraction of virtual moments of particles to gradients of fields and corresponding dendrites formation.Comment: 6 page

SOME PECULIARITIES OF FIRST ORDER PHASE TRANSITIONS

Abstract. The paper presents evidence of the existence of infrared characteristic radiation accompanying phase transitions of the first order, especially crystallization. Experimental results of the author and other researchers concerning crystallization from the melt of some infrared transparent substances (alkali halides, sapphire) and nontransparent ones (tellurium, ice, copper) as well as condensation of water vapor, are presented. The author has critically analyzed these experimental data in terms of correspondence to theoretical models. The last ones are based on the assumption that a particle, during transition from a higher energetic level (vapor or melt) to the lower energetic level (crystal), emits one or more photons equal to the latent energy of the transition, or part of the energy. Based on the experimental data, the author proposes a model explaining the appearance of a window of transparency for the characteristic radiation in the substances when first order phase transitions take place. It is possible to imagine several applications of this phenomenon in different fields, for instance, new types of crystallization process regulation; crystallization stimulated by the characteristic radiation; an infra-red laser based on the condensation of water vapor, or crystallization of lithium fluoride or sapphire. Formation of hailstorm clouds in the atmosphere should be accompanied by intensive characteristic infrared radiation that could be detected for process characterization and meteorological warnings. Detection of water in the atmospheres of other planets can also be realized by this technique. This radiation might explain the red color of Jupiter as well as the orange color of its satellite Io

First Order Phase Transitions as Radiation Processes

ABSTRACT This paper presents new experimental evidence of the PeTa effect-infrared characteristic radiation under first order phase transitions, especially the crystallization of melts and the deposition and condensation of vapours/gases. The PeTa effect describes the transient radiation that a particle (i.e., atom, molecule or/and cluster) emits transient radiation during a transition from a meta-stable higher energetic level (in a super-cooled melt or a super-saturated vapour) to the stable condensed lower level (in a crystal or a liquid). The radiation removes latent heat with photons of characteristic frequencies that are generated under this transition. The abbreviation "PeTa effect" means Perel'man-Tatartchenko's effect