The Effect of Partial Defoliation, Leaf Position and Developmental Stage of the Vine on the Photosynthetic Activity of Vitis vinifera L. cv Cabernet Sauvignon

The effect of partial defoliation, :eaf position and developmental stage of the vine on the photosynthesis, stomatal resistance and transpiration of Vitis vinifera L. cv Cabernet Sauvignon was investigated. Partially defoliated vines displayed a higher rate of photosynthesis, generally increasing with degree of defoliation. The highest photosynthetic rates were found for the apical leaves, while those of the leaves opposite and below the bunches were restricted. Generally, rate of photosynthesis declined as the season progressed. The course of transpiration rate and stomata! resistance correlated with that of the rate of photosynthesis. However, transpiration and photosynthesis correlated poorly in the case of the apical leaves. In general, photon flux density and relative humidity at the leaf surface increased with an increase in defoliation percentage for all leaf positions. Leaf temperature was not significantly affected by partial defoliation. The results of the investigation suggested that excess vegetative growth is detrimental to interior-canopy microclimate as well as the photosynthetic rate of the entire vine. Partial defoliation seemed to provide a means to reduce some of the deleterious effects of vigorous growth

Distribution of 14C-Photosynthetate in the Shoot of Vitis vinifera L. cv Cabernet Sauvignon I. The Effect of Leaf Position and Developmental Stage of the Vine

The distribution of photosynthetates, originating in leaves of different parts of the shoot of Vi tis vinifera L. cv Cabernet Sauvignon at berry set, pea size, veraison and ripeness stages, was investigated. Specific photosynthetic activity of the "CO,-treated leaves gradually decreased during the season. Photosynthetates were hoarded in the leaves at berry set, but were increasingly diverted to the bunches after that. The apical leaves displayed the Itlghes.t.photosynthesis. The leaves opposite and below the bunches accumulated very little photosynthetafes, especially from veraison to ripeness. Redistribution of photosynthetates among the basal, middle and apical leaves was generally very restricted at all stages. Multidirectional distribution from the site of application of 14CO, occurred at berry set stage, while from pea size to ripeness photosynthetates were mainly translocated basipetally. Highest accumulation in the bunches occurred at veraison, while the basal leaves were primarily used to nourish the bunch

The Effect of Partial Defoliation, Leaf Position and Developmental Stage of the Vine on Leaf Chlorophyll Concentration in Relation to the Photosynthetic Activity and Light Intensity in the Canopy of Vitis vinif era L. cv. Cabernet Sauvignon

The effect of partial defoliation and leaf position on leaf chlorophyll concentration in relation to the photosynthetic activity and light intensity in the canopy of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Cabernet Sauvignon was investigated at berry set, pea size, veraison and ripeness stages. The leaves of the severely defoliated vines appeared to contain the highest chlorophyll concentration.In general, chlorophyll a decreased as the leaves were situated progressively deeper into the canopy. No consistent relationship between chlorophyll concentration, light intensity and photosynthetic activity could be found for the different leaf positions. However, to obtain leaves that photosynthesize optimally, the amount and time of leaf removal in the grapevine canopy must be carefully planned

Ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms: endovascular repair versus open surgery. A decision analytic approach

This thesis describes studies on the evaluation of endovascular repair versus open surgery in patients with ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). In chapter 1, the rationale for this research is presented. Since in the western world, the population is aging, it is expected that the incidence of abdominal aortic aneurysms will increase and consequently, ruptured AAAs. Ruptured AAA is a life threatening condition that requires immediate intervention. The condition can be treated with endovascular repair or open surgery. Therefore, the aim of this thesis was to investigate whether endovascular repair or open surgery would be the preferred treatment in this group of patients from a decision analytic approach, taking clinical effectiveness as well as costs into account. To enable comparison of the results of endovascular repair with open surgery in patients with a ruptured AAA from the literature, it is important to systemically evaluate the published studies and to adjust for differences in inclusion criteria among the studies. In chapter 2, we performed a systematic review of studies that compared endovascular repair with open surgery in the treatment of patients with a ruptured AAA. We found that, after adjustment for patients’ hemodynamic condition upon presentation, a benefit in 30-day mortality for endovascular repair compared with open surgery for patients with a ruptured AAA was observed but was not statistically significant. In chapter 3, we compared the clinical outcomes of treatment after endovascular repair and open surgery in patients with ruptured infrarenal AAAs including one-year follow-up. It turned out that in our study with a highly selective population, mortality and morbidity might be similar for patients with a ruptured infrarenal AAA treated with endovascular repair compared with open surgery, even after one- year follow-up. In addition to the aneurysm anatomy, other criteria may be needed for endovascular repair to improve clinical outcomes. The Glasgow Aneurysm Score (GAS) is a prediction rule to predict in- hospital mortality after open surgery for patients with ruptured and unruptured AAA. The GAS, however, was developed in patients treated with open surgery only, whereas nowadays, endovascular repair is the preferred treatment for repair of ruptured AAA in many European hospitals. In chapter 4, the GAS was validated in patients with ruptured AAA treated with endovascular repair or open surgery. In addition, our aim was to modify the GAS into an updated prediction rule that predicts 30-day mortality after endovascular repair or open surgery. We found that the GAS showed limited discriminative ability in our patient population. In addition, we showed that, considering the included risk factors, 30-day mortality was always lower if patients with ruptured AAA were treated with endovascular repair instead of with open surgery. To evaluate the incurred costs of both endovascular repair and open surgery, it is important to calculate both in-hospital costs and costs during follow-up after the procedure. Chapter 5 describes the retrospectively assessment of in-hospital costs and costs of one-year follow-up of endovascular repair and open surgery in patients with an acute infrarenal AAA, using the resource utilization approach. We found that total costs including in-hospital costs and one-year follow-up in patients with acute infrarenal AAA were lower for endovascular repair than for open surgery. From a health policy perspective, it should be questioned whether current available evidence justifies today’s policy to treat patients with ruptured AAA with endovascular repair if anatomically suitable. In addition, it is of interest whether additional information is required to inform the decision making process for patients with ruptured AAA in the future. Therefore, in chapter 6, we evaluated the cost-effectiveness of endovascular repair compared with open surgery in patients with ruptured AAA and investigated whether performing future research to obtain additional information is justified. We concluded that endovascular repair was more effective and less costly compared with open surgery in patients with ruptured AAA. Therefore, current available evidence does justify today’s policy to treat patients with ruptured AAA with endovascular repair if anatomically suitable. In addition, further research is justified and should concentrate on short-term costs and clinical! effectiveness of endovascular repair versus open surgery in patients with ruptured AAA. In chapter 7 the main findings were summarized of the preceding chapters and placed in a broader context. In addition, methodological considerations and future research were discussed

Superconducting and ferromagnetic phase diagram of UCoGe probed by thermal expansion

We report thermal expansion measurements on a single crystal of the superconducting ferromagnet UCoGe for magnetic fields applied along the main orthorhombic axes. The thermal expansion cell was mounted on a piezo-electric rotator in order to fine-tune the magnetic field angle. The superconducting and magnetic phase diagram has been determined. With our bulk technique we confirm the $S$-shape of the upper-critical field, $B_{c2}$, for $B \parallel b$ and reinforcement of superconductivity above 6 T. At the same time the Curie point shifts towards lower temperatures on increasing the field along the $b$-axis. This lends further support to theoretical proposals of spin-fluctuation mediated reinforcement of superconductivity for $B \parallel b$.Comment: 7 pages, 7 figure

Vergelijking van luzerne en gras-klaver, inclusief effect op aanwezige aaltjes en de volgteelt prei

In het biologisch bedrijfssysteem op proefboerderij Vredepeel (zuidoostelijk zand) is een tweejarige teelt van een vlinderbloemig hoofdgewas in de rotatie opgenomen om extra stikstof in het systeem te brengen. De vlinderbloemige wordt begin augustus gezaaid, na voorvrucht aardappel en fungeert dan tevens als stikstofvanggewas voor de minerale stikstof die na de aardappeloogst in de bodem achterblijft en de stikstof die later in de zomer en herfst nog mineraliseert. De vraag was of luzerne of gras-klaver het meeste geschikt zou zijn als vlinderbloemige in de rotatie, gelet op drogestofproductie, geschiktheid voor latere zaai en vermeerdering van aanwezige probleemaaltjes. Er is voor luzerne gekozen, omdat het een iets slechtere waard is voor enkele specifieke aaltjes. Om beter uitsluitsel te verkrijgen over de geschiktheid van luzerne versus gras-klaver, is tevens een vergelijking tussen beide gewassen aangeleg

Pairs, sets and sequences in first-order theories

Asuransi sebagai aktivitas bisnis diharuskan memenuhi prinsip-prinsip hukum asuransi. Salah satu prinsip yang harus dipegang teguh adalah principle of  utmost good faith, di samping prinsip yang lain. Prinsip ini berbunyi bahwa seorang tertanggung wajib memberi informasi secara jujur terhadap apa yang dipertanggungkan kepada penanggung. Dalam bisnis Islam, kejujuran merupakan prinsip yang harus dijunjung tinggi. Secara hukum, prinsip ini diatur dalam KUH Dagang. Persoalannya adalah apakah prinsip ini dianggap cukup dari sudut pandang hukum perjanjian syariah. Secara sekilas bahwa prinsip iktikad baik sempurna ini telah memenuhi asas perjanjian syariah, namun demikian tidak memiliki kriteria maksimal kejujuran. Ketiadaan kejujuran dalam bisnis asuransi akan berdampak pada batalnya perjanjian asuransi karena ada unsur cacat kehendak (‘uyub ar-ridla). Insurance as a business activity must fulfill principles of insurance law. One of the principles that must be hold on is the principle of  utmost good faith. The principle says that an endured person must honestly give information of  what should be given responsibility to the guarantor. In Islamic business, honesty is a principle that should be respected. From point of  view of  law, the principle is settled in commerce law. The problem is that whether the principle is represenative enough if it is viewed from law of  syariah agreement. At glance, the principle has fulfilled the basic of syariah agreement, however, it does not have maximum criteria of  honesty. Unavailability of honesty in insurance business will give effect of  invalidate of  insurance agreement, for there is a deformity of desire (‘uyub ar-ridla).</p