266 research outputs found
Topology Change in (2+1)-Dimensional Gravity
In (2+1)-dimensional general relativity, the path integral for a manifold
can be expressed in terms of a topological invariant, the Ray-Singer torsion of
a flat bundle over . For some manifolds, this makes an explicit computation
of transition amplitudes possible. In this paper, we evaluate the amplitude for
a simple topology-changing process. We show that certain amplitudes for spatial
topology change are nonvanishing---in fact, they can be infrared
divergent---but that they are infinitely suppressed relative to similar
topology-preserving amplitudes.Comment: 19 pages of text plus 4 pages of figures, LaTeX (using epsf),
UCD-11-9
Dynamo effect in parity-invariant flow with large and moderate separation of scales
It is shown that non-helical (more precisely, parity-invariant) flows capable
of sustaining a large-scale dynamo by the negative magnetic eddy diffusivity
effect are quite common. This conclusion is based on numerical examination of a
large number of randomly selected flows. Few outliers with strongly negative
eddy diffusivities are also found, and they are interpreted in terms of the
closeness of the control parameter to a critical value for generation of a
small-scale magnetic field. Furthermore, it is shown that, for parity-invariant
flows, a moderate separation of scales between the basic flow and the magnetic
field often significantly reduces the critical magnetic Reynolds number for the
onset of dynamo action.Comment: 44 pages,11 figures, significantly revised versio
ARPES studies of cuprate Fermiology: superconductivity, pseudogap, and quasiparticle dynamics
We present angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) studies of the
cuprate high-temperature superconductors which elucidate the relation between
superconductivity and the pseudogap and highlight low-energy quasiparticle
dynamics in the superconducting state. Our experiments suggest that the
pseudogap and superconducting gap represent distinct states, which coexist
below T. Studies on Bi-2212 demonstrate that the near-nodal and
near-antinodal regions behave differently as a function of temperature and
doping, implying that different orders dominate in different momentum-space
regions. However, the ubiquity of sharp quasiparticles all around the Fermi
surface in Bi-2212 indicates that superconductivity extends into the
momentum-space region dominated by the pseudogap, revealing subtlety in this
dichotomy. In Bi-2201, the temperature dependence of antinodal spectra reveals
particle-hole asymmetry and anomalous spectral broadening, which may constrain
the explanation for the pseudogap. Recognizing that electron-boson coupling is
an important aspect of cuprate physics, we close with a discussion of the
multiple 'kinks' in the nodal dispersion. Understanding these may be important
to establishing which excitations are important to superconductivity.Comment: To appear in a focus issue on 'Fermiology of Cuprates' in New Journal
of Physic
Fold-Saddle Bifurcation in Non-Smooth Vector Fields on the Plane
This paper presents results concerning bifurcations of 2D piecewise-smooth
dynamical systems governed by vector fields. Generic three parameter families
of a class of Non-Smooth Vector Fields are studied and its bifurcation diagrams
are exhibited. Our main result describes the unfolding of the so called
Fold-Saddle singularity
Evidence for forward scattering and coupling to acoustic phonon modes in high-T cuprate superconductors
Recent laser angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy studies have
established the presence of a new kink in the low-energy nodal dispersion of
BiSrCaCuO (Bi-2212). The energy scale (~8-15 meV) of
this kink appears below the maximum of the superconducting gap .
Therefore it is difficult to interpret this feature in terms of the usual
coupling to a sharp dispersionless mode. In this paper we examine
electron-phonon coupling to the in-plane acoustic phonon branch arising from
the modulation of the screened Coulomb potential. We demonstrate that such a
coupling has a strong forward scattering peak, and as a consequence, a kink
occurs in the dispersion at an energy scale shifted by the local gap
. In addition, considerations for the reduction of screening with
underdoping naturally explains the observed doping dependence of the low-energy
kink. These results point to a strong coupling to the acoustic branch which is
peaked in the forward scattering direction and has important implications for
transport and pairing in the high-T cuprates.Comment: 4.5 pages, 4 figures, Submitted to PR
Analytical Study of Certain Magnetohydrodynamic-alpha Models
In this paper we present an analytical study of a subgrid scale turbulence
model of the three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equations, inspired by
the Navier-Stokes-alpha (also known as the viscous Camassa-Holm equations or
the Lagrangian-averaged Navier-Stokes-alpha model). Specifically, we show the
global well-posedness and regularity of solutions of a certain MHD-alpha model
(which is a particular case of the Lagrangian averaged
magnetohydrodynamic-alpha model without enhancing the dissipation for the
magnetic field). We also introduce other subgrid scale turbulence models,
inspired by the Leray-alpha and the modified Leray-alpha models of turbulence.
Finally, we discuss the relation of the MHD-alpha model to the MHD equations by
proving a convergence theorem, that is, as the length scale alpha tends to
zero, a subsequence of solutions of the MHD-alpha equations converges to a
certain solution (a Leray-Hopf solution) of the three-dimensional MHD
equations.Comment: 26 pages, no figures, will appear in Journal of Math Physics;
corrected typos, updated reference
Doping-dependent nodal Fermi velocity in Bi-2212 revealed by high-resolution ARPES
The improved resolution of laser-based angle-resolved photoemission
spectroscopy (ARPES) allows reliable access to fine structures in the spectrum.
We present a systematic, doping-dependent study of a recently discovered
low-energy kink in the nodal dispersion of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+d (Bi-2212), which
demonstrates the ubiquity and robustness of this kink in underdoped Bi-2212.
The renormalization of the nodal velocity due to this kink becomes stronger
with underdoping, revealing that the nodal Fermi velocity is non-universal, in
contrast to assumed phenomenology. This is used together with laser-ARPES
measurements of the gap velocity, v2, to resolve discrepancies with thermal
conductivity measurements.Comment: Submitted to Phys. Rev. Let
Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy study of HgBaCuO
HgBaCuO (Hg1201) has been shown to be a model cuprate for
scattering, optical, and transport experiments, but angle-resolved
photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) data are still lacking owing to the absence
of a charge-neutral cleavage plane. We report on progress in achieving the
experimental conditions for which quasiparticles can be observed in the
near-nodal region of the Fermi surface. The d-wave superconducting gap is
measured and found to have a maximum of 39 meV. At low temperature, a kink is
detected in the nodal dispersion at approximately 51 meV below the Fermi level,
an energy that is different from other cuprates with comparable T. The
superconducting gap, Fermi surface, and nodal band renormalization measured
here provide a crucial momentum-space complement to other experimental probes
- …