22 research outputs found
Bottlenecks in the coverage of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict: the coverage of the first and second intifada in the Flemish press
Gut microbiota and sirtuins in obesity-related inflammation and bowel dysfunction
Obesity is a chronic disease characterized by persistent low-grade inflammation with alterations in gut motility. Motor abnormalities suggest that obesity has effects on the enteric nervous system (ENS), which controls virtually all gut functions. Recent studies have revealed that the gut microbiota can affect obesity and increase inflammatory tone by modulating mucosal barrier function. Furthermore, the observation that inflammatory conditions influence the excitability of enteric neurons may add to the gut dysfunction in obesity. In this article, we discuss recent advances in understanding the role of gut microbiota and inflammation in the pathogenesis of obesity and obesity-related gastrointestinal dysfunction. The potential contribution of sirtuins in protecting or regulating the circuitry of the ENS under inflamed states is also considered
Efeito da adição de lodo de curtume na fertilidade do solo, nodulação e rendimento de matéria seca do Caupi
Reducing susceptibility to powdery mildew in apple and grapevine through silencing of MLO genes
Powdery mildew (PM) is a major fungal disease for apple and grape that requires a huge
amount of chemicals to be controlled. Specific homologs of the MLO gene family act as PMsusceptibility
genes, since their loss-of-function mutations ended up in durable and broad-spectrum
resistance in several crops. PM pathogenesis is linked to a pathogen-dependent up-regulation of
specific members of the MLO gene family during early stages of infection and, since they are
negative regulator of plant defense pathways, their up-regulation impair the defenses of the host.
The silencing or knock-out of up-regulated MLO genes led to resistance in Arabidopsis, tomato,
pea, pepper, barley and wheat. Pleiotropic phenotypes are sometimes associated to mlo mutants,
like early senescence-like leaf chlorosis under non-optimal growth condition. Using RNAi, four
grape MLO genes and two apple MLO genes were silenced to obtain resistance respectively to
Erysiphe necator (grape) and Podosphaera leucotricha (apple). Grape and apple transgenic lines
have been tested for resistance to PM causal agent, showing variable levels of resistance, from
moderate to very high, without deleterious phenotypic effects. The most resistant grape and apple
transgenic lines have been selected for further characterization, with a particular focus on gene
expression and microscop