Report of workshop on prevention of disability

Place of prevention of impairment and disability (POID) in leprosy control. Prevention of impairment and disability is integral to leprosy. From the perspective of the patient, impairments and disabilities constitute the essence of the disease. Thus, POID should be integral to any leprosy control program, be it vertical, integrated or otherwise organized. It is understood that early detection and the provision of multidrug therapy (MDT) are the primary means of POID. Yet nerve impairment and the resulting disability remain a vital issue in many cases, and need to be addressed at every level. This means that POID activities should be defined, implemented, and recorded effectively. Evaluation should occur using appropriate parameters, adequate teaching material provided, and sufficient resources supplied. [...

Report of workshop on prevention of disability

Place of prevention of impairment and disability (POID) in leprosy control. Prevention of impairment and disability is integral to leprosy. From the perspective of the patient, impairments and disabilities constitute the essence of the disease. Thus, POID should be integral to any leprosy control program, be it vertical, integrated or otherwise organized. It is understood that early detection and the provision of multidrug therapy (MDT) are the primary means of POID. Yet nerve impairment and the resulting disability remain a vital issue in many cases, and need to be addressed at every level. This means that POID activities should be defined, implemented, and recorded effectively. Evaluation should occur using appropriate parameters, adequate teaching material provided, and sufficient resources supplied. [...

ALTERNATIVES OF DOMESTIC WASTEWATER SLUDGE DRYING PROCESSES FOR ENERGY RECOVERY : A REVIEW

As communities grow, cities need to increase their capacity to collect and treat domestic wastewater. The need of larger domestic wastewater treatment plants and proper disposal of its solid waste has attracted the scientific community to research about new technologies that will use those systems and waste as a way to generate energy. The moisture content of a fuel effects the combustion products and the energy released by the reaction.  Therefore, in order to make biomass to be a viable fuel option, the technological and scientific challenges of the drying process of wastewater sludge must be faced and overcome so the lowest moisture content level is achieved. Conventional drying processes as for example, direct and indirect thermal drying, are commonly used. However, other processes using renewable energy as for example solar drying are also being studied by the scientist around the world. Moisture content, physical-chemical properties as for example, heating values, composition, ash fusibility are all relevant properties taken into consideration when choosing a fuel for a specific application. The herein review is intended to present some existing domestic wastewater drying processes, alternative ways of improving the efficiency of those processes

THE APPLICABILITY OF CO-COMBUSTION OF COAL WITH SEWAGE SLUDGE: A REVIEW

Co-combustion of coal with a secondary fuel, as for example, waste-biomass, including sewage sludge, isan option for its safe its elimination and a sustainable alternative for heat and power generation. Untreated sewage sludge has a negative impact on the environment and society due to its compositional and pathogenic factors. Co-combustion of coal and sewage sludge have advantages over some emissions parameters and improvement of thermal characteristics, but there are limiting factors for its large-scale use, especially regarding to the fuel feed which requiresinnovative methods to develop a product that combinesboth fuels. When it comes to environmental impact, the combined combustion of and coal with sewage sludge presents good opportunities for future research and technological applications to be explored. This review focuses on the combination of coal and sewage sludge, highlighting the possibilities and limitations of the co-combustion using them as fuel

Water and wastewater management and biomass to energy conversion in a meat processing plant in Brazil ? a case study.

1. Introduction; 2. Case study ? Meat processing plant; 3. Water and wastewater management; 4. Biomass-to-energy actions; 5. Conclusions