The Recreational Skippers Ticket and Its Influence on Boater Behavior

Recreational boating is a popular leisure activity and possibly the least regulated of all forms of transport. To reduce the number of recreational boating injuries and incidents, educational measures are important and mandatory boating education and training is recommended. The Recreational Skippers Ticket (RST) was introduced in Western Australia (WA) in 2006 so that people in charge of a recreational vessel have a minimum level of skill and knowledge needed to protect themselves and their passenger and to share the water safely with others. This objective of this study was to monitor the uptake of the RST, to assess its influence upon boater’s perceptions of change in their behavior and explore factors associated with completion of RST. Using the WA database of registered recreational vessels, a sample of 1002 boaters was recruited to participate in a telephone survey in 2008. A response rate of 47.5% was achieved. More than one-half had completed their RST and of these, more than one-third reported that obtaining their RST had changed their behavior. Those boaters who had completed their RST were more likely to be male, were more experienced boaters, and were a member of a boating association. While the RST has increased awareness among recreational vessel owners, further monitoring is needed to explore its influence upon attitude, knowledge and behavior of recreational boaters

MORINGA OLEIFERA - A NEVER DIE TREE: AN OVERVIEW

Moringa oleifera (MO) is mostly inhabiting in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. It is notable for its therapeutic and nutritious qualities on the grounds that each piece of this plant can be exploited for restorative and sustenance purposes. The restorative and healthful qualities are because of the nearness of certain essential and optional metabolites contained by the plant. The phytochemicals screening uncovered the occurrence of auxiliary metabolites. These bioactive mixes can be utilized as a part of curing numerous ailments. MO is a versatile plant whose seeds comprise an excellent consumable oil (up to 40% by weight) and water-solvent protein that acts viable coagulants for water and wastewater treatment. The fruitful utilization of shelled MO Lam. seeds as a biosorbent presents a more affordable ecologically inviting technique for the expulsion of different irresistible metals from contaminated watery media. Aside from turbidity expulsion, MO, additionally, has antibacterial properties. The aim of this review is to present a complete analysis of the traditional uses and pharmacological properties of MO. Furthermore, this review is to update wide numbers of phytochemical constituents which have been isolated from the plant, and these constituents possess several medicinal properties

A Review on Gut Remediation of Selected Environmental Contaminants: Possible Roles of Probiotics and Gut Microbiota

Various environmental contaminants including heavy metals, pesticides and antibiotics can contaminate food and water, leading to adverse effects on human health, such as inflammation, oxidative stress and intestinal disorder. Therefore, remediation of the toxicity of foodborne contaminants in human has become a primary concern. Some probiotic bacteria, mainly Lactobacilli, have received a great attention due to their ability to reduce the toxicity of several contaminants. For instance, Lactobacilli can reduce the accumulation and toxicity of selective heavy metals and pesticides in animal tissues by inhibiting intestinal absorption of contaminants and enhancing intestinal barrier function. Probiotics have also shown to decrease the risk of antibiotic-associated diarrhea possibly via competing and producing antagonistic compounds against pathogenic bacteria. Furthermore, probiotics can improve immune function by enhancing the gut microbiota mediated anti-inflammation. Thus, these probiotic bacteria are promising candidates for protecting body against foodborne contaminants-induced toxicity. Study on the mechanism of these beneficial bacterial strains during remediation processes and particularly their interaction with host gut microbiota is an active field of research. This review summarizes the current understanding of the remediation mechanisms of some probiotics and the combined effects of probiotics and gut microbiota on remediation of foodborne contaminants in vivo