Circulating tumor DNA in cervical cancer patients.

<p>Abbreviations: FIGO: International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics; SCC: squamous cell carcinoma associated antigen; NA: not available;</p>*<p>Repeated sequences: Homology with the centromeric sequences of various chromosomes.</p

Circulating tumor DNA related to tumor dynamics in cervical cancer patients.

<p>Circulating tumor DNA related to tumor dynamics in cervical cancer patients.</p

The Improving Quality of Concentrate Diet with Fibrolytic Enzyme and Its Effect on Rumen Metabolism and Blood Parameter of Fattening Holstein Male

Suatu penelitian telah dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi peningkatan kualitas pakan konsentrat pada penggemukan sapi jantan Holstein dengan enzim selulase komplek terhadap metabolisme rumen dan parameter darah. Dua belas ekor sapi jantan Holstein dengan umur 12 bulan dibagi dalam tiga kelompok berdasarkan bobot awal dalam Rancangan Acak Kelompok digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Sebagai perlakuan adalah pakan A, B, C dan D. Pakan A adalah kontrol yang tersusun atas rumput gajah, dedak padi, bungkil biji kapas, dedak sorgum, ampas tahu, onggok dan mineral mix dengan komposisi (%BK) berturut-turut adalah 30; 18; 17,5; 23; 4,5; 6 and 1. Pakan B, C dan D mempunyai bahan dan komposisi seperti pakan A, tetapi dedak padi pada B, bungkil biji kapas pada C dan baik dedak maupun bungkil biji kapas pada D disuplementasi dengan enzim celulase 1,5 g kg-1 BK 24 jam sebelum pemberian pakan. Proporsi propionat (C3) cenderung (P>0,05) meningkatbila dedak padi disuplementasi dengan enzim (B) dan sebaliknya pada (C). Oleh karena itu, efisiensi energi juga cenderung meningkat pada sapi yang diberi pakan B. Tidak terjadi perberdaan yang nyata dari penambahan enzim selulase terhadap N-NH3 rumen dan cenderung tinggi pada C dan D. Penambahan enzim pada bungkil biji kapas cenderung menekan plasma urea walaupun kandungan protein pada pakan ini tinggi. Glukosa darah berturut-turut untuk pakan A, B, C dan D adalah 83,15, 88,25, 82,30 and 88,60 mg/L. Penambahan enzim pada bungkil biji kapas cenderung menurunkan glukosa darah pada pakan C. Disimpulkan bahwa penambahan enzim selulase pada dedak padi tidak mengganggu metabolisme rumen dan cenderung untuk memperbaiki energi efisiensi. (Animal Production 7(3): 127-134 (2005

Medico-economic impact of MSKCC non-sentinel node prediction nomogram for ER-positive HER2-negative breast cancers

<div><p>Background</p><p>Avoiding axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) for invasive breast cancers with isolated tumor cells or micrometastatic sentinel node biopsy (SNB) could decrease morbidity with minimal clinical significance.</p><p>Purpose</p><p>The aim of this study is to simulate the medico-economic impact of the routine use of the MSKCC non-sentinel node (NSN) prediction nomogram for ER+ HER2- breast cancer patients.</p><p>Methods</p><p>We studied 1036 ER+ HER2- breast cancer patients with a metastatic SNB. All had a complementary ALND. For each patient, we calculated the probability of the NSN positivity using the MSKCC nomogram. After validation of this nomogram in the population, we described how the patients’ characteristics spread as the threshold value changed. Then, we performed an economic simulation study to estimate the total cost of caring for patients treated according to the MSKCC predictive nomogram results.</p><p>Results</p><p>A 0.3 threshold discriminate the type of sentinel node (SN) metastases: 98.8% of patients with pN0(i+) and 91.6% of patients with pN1(mic) had a MSKCC score under 0.3 (false negative rate = 6.4%). If we use the 0.3 threshold for economic simulation, 43% of ALND could be avoided, reducing the costs of caring by 1 051 980 EUROS among the 1036 patients.</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>We demonstrated the cost-effectiveness of using the MSKCC NSN prediction nomogram by avoiding ALND for the pN0(i+) or pN1(mic) ER+ HER2- breast cancer patients with a MSKCC score of less than or equal to 0.3.</p></div

Nomogram to calculate the probability of sentinel node positivity in breast carcinoma.

<p>Nomogram to calculate the probability of sentinel node positivity in breast carcinoma. First: identify for each of the 4 variables the corresponding Beta value. Second, calculate the sum of the 4 Beta values. Third, report the Sum Beta Value to the Probability scale.</p

Decision-making tree according to the Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy results and the MSKCC score.

<p>SLN = Sentinel Lymph Node. AD = Axillary Dissection.</p

Clinical and pathological features of the training set and two validation sets.

<p>LVI: Lymphovascular Invasion. SN: Sentinel Node. No:Number. IHC: Immuno-Histochemistry. FISH: Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization.</p

MSKCC Non-Sentinel Node Prediction nomogram scores distribution in our population.

<p>MSKCC Non-Sentinel Node Prediction nomogram scores distribution in our population.</p

ROC curve for the Non-Sentinel Node Prediction Nomogram (MSKCC) in our population.

<p>ROC curve for the Non-Sentinel Node Prediction Nomogram (MSKCC) in our population.</p

Percentage of positive sentinel node.

<p>Percentage of positive sentinel node calculated for each 5 mm tumour size subclasses from 0 to 40 mm. Number of patient by tumour size subclasses are printed. The training and two validation datasets have been merged to determine these probability plots.</p