Use of Communal Nest Entrances by \u3ci\u3eOsmia Simillima\u3c/i\u3e (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae)

Six Osmia simillima females used communal nest entrances to gain access to their nests in a piece of buried wood. Some nest characteristics are described

Phenology and Trap Selection of Three Species of \u3ci\u3eHylaeus\u3c/i\u3e (Hymenoptera: Colletidae) in Upper Michigan

Hylaeus basalis, H. ellipticus and H. verticalis nested in wooden traps during a two-year study in Upper Michigan. Bees were given a choice of traps with varying bore diameters, heights, and entrance orientations. Nests were completed between 1 July and 15 September. These three Hylaeus species partitioned available nest site resources (traps) based on diameter and height. H. ellipticus selected traps with smaller bore diameters than did the other two species which selected traps of the same bore diameters. H. verticalis nested in traps at higher locations than H. basalis which limited its nesting to only the two lowest heights available. Entrance orientation had no effect on trap selection by any of the species. Seasonal differences in choice of traps are discussed

Louisa Gradgrind\u27s Imaginative and Emotional Development: Spaces of Solitude in Charles Dickens\u27s HARD TIMES

In this essay, I explore the connection between imagination and images of domestic space as theorized by Gaston Bachelard in order to examine the spaces Louisa Gradgrind inhabits in Charles Dickens’s Hard Times. While Louisa’s occupation of space sustains her imagination, it does not provide her with an emotional outlet. Sissy Jupe, a circus girl taken in by the Gradgrinds after her father’s disappearance, inhabits the same spaces as Louisa. Being strongly connected to her emotions, Sissy embodies authentic empathy and love for others. Because her emotions are integrated with her imagination, she is capable of helping Louisa integrate her own emotional and imaginative life. By exploring Louisa’s emotional and imaginative awakening within the spaces she inhabits, I will argue that Dickens provides us, as he also provided Victorian readers, with an example of how openness to empathy and empathetic reading can allow individuals to reintegrate their identity even after living a lifetime of disintegrated interiority

Exercise and Depression: Causal Sequence Using Cross-Lagged Panel Correlation Analysis

This study sought to determine what kind of causal relationship, if any, exists between exercise and depression. A university student population (N = 178) was given the Godin Leisure Time Exercise Questionnaire and the Beck Depression Inventory-II at two time points separated by approximately one month. Cross-lagged panel correlation was used to make causal inferences based on the strength of the temporal relationships. After meeting the assumptions of synchronicity and stationarity, there was no significant difference between the cross-lagged correlations (ZPF = -0.4599, p = 0.65). Thus, no single causal pathway was dominant. While equal cross-lagged correlations can indicate spuriousness, it can also signify reciprocal causation. Exercise was not clearly the cause of reductions in depression, but neither was depression clearly the cause of physical inactivity. More complex causal pathways, such as reciprocal causation, warrant further investigation

Review of geographical stocks of tropical dolphins (Stenella spp. and Delphinus delphis) in the eastern Pacific

Information on geographical variation is reviewed for Stenella attenuata, S. longirostris, S. coeruleoalba, and Delphinus delphis in the eastern tropical Pacific, and boundaries for potential management units are proposed. National Marine Fisheries Service and Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission sighting records made from 1979 to 1983 which were outside boundaries used in a 1979 assessment were examined for validity. Tagging returns and morphological data were also analyzed. Several stock ranges are expanded or combined. Three management units are proposed for S. attenuata: the coastal, northern offshore, and southern offshore spoiled dolphins. Four management units are proposed for S. longirostris: the Costa Rican, eastern, northern whitebelly, and southern whitebelly spinner dolphins. Two provisional management units are proposed for S. coeruleoalba: the northern and southern striped dolphins. Five management units (two of which are provisional) are proposed for D. delphis: the Baja neritic, northern, central, southern, and Guerrero common dolphins. Division into management units was based on morphological stock differences and distributional breaks. (PDF file contains 34 pages.

AmeriQuests, et quoy plus

Situating AmeriQuests at Vanderbilt University and in Nashville, Tennessee, Scott explores the meaning of ‘home,’ particularly for academics whose lives are often shaped by ideas rather than by places. She takes us on her own quest for home by telling the story of Jacques Timothé Boucher, Sieur de Mont Brun, an eighteenth-century Canadian fur trapper who made his home near where Vanderbilt University and AmeriQuests now live. Al situar AmeriQuests en su hogar en Vanderbilt University y en Nashville, Tennessee, Scott explora el sentido de ‘hogar,’ en particular para académicos cuyas vidas son a menudo formadas más por ideas que por lugares. Ella nos guía sobre su propia búsqueda de un hogar, contando la historia de Jacques Timothé Boucher, Sieur de Mont Brun, un trampero canadiense del siglo XVIII, quien hizo su hogar cerca del lugar actual de Vanderbilt University y de AmeriQuests. Ao estabelecer AmeriQuests em sua casa na Vanderbilt University e em Nashville, Tennessee, Scott explora o significado de ‘casa,’ particularmente para académicos, quem geralmente têm vidas estabelecidas mais por ideias do que lugares. Ela nos leva em sua própria busca para casa ao contar a história de Jacques Timothé Boucher, Sieur de Mont Brun, um canadense caçador de peles do século XVIII, quem fez sua casa perto a onde a Vanderbilt University e AmeriQuests moram na atualidade. En rappelant que AmeriQuests a son «chez-soi» à Vanderbilt University et á Nashville, Tennessee, Scott examine le sens du « chez-soi », particulièrement chez les intellectuels, dont la vie est plus souvent déterminée par les idées que par les lieux. Elle nous entraîne à travers sa propre quête du chez-soi en relatant l’histoire de Jacques Timothé Boucher, Sieur de Mont Brun, trappeur canadien du XVIIIe siècle, qui s’est établi près de l’endroit où sont aujourd’hui Vanderbilt University et AmeriQuests

Between HIV diagnosis and initiation of antiretroviral therapy: Assessing the effectiveness of care for people living with HIV in the public primary care service in Cape Town, South Africa

BACKGROUND: While much is written about the scale up of HIV counselling and testing (HCT) and antiretroviral therapy (ART), little research has been done on the expansion of routine preART HIV care. OBJECTIVE: To assess the quality of preART care in Cape Town and its continuity with HCT and ART. METHODS: The scale up of the HCT, preART and ART service platform and programmatic support in Cape Town is described. Data from the August 2010 routine annual HIV/TB/STI evaluation, from interviews with 133 facility managers and a folder review of 634 HCT s who tested positive and 1115 clients receiving preART HIV care are analysed. RESULTS: Historically the implementation and management of preART care has been relatively neglected compared with the scale-up of HCT and ART. The CD4 count was done on 77.5% positive HCT clients and 46.6% were clinically staged - crucial steps that determine the care path. There were: gaps in quality of care - 32.2% of women had a PAP smear; missed opportunities for integrated care - 67% were symptomatically screened for tuberculosis; and positive prevention - 48.3% had contraceptive needs assessed. Breaks in the continuity of care of preART clients occurred with only 47.2% of eligible clients referred appropriately to the ARV service. CONCLUSION: While a package of preART care has been clearly defined in Cape Town, it has not been fully implemented. There are weaknesses in the continuity and quality service delivered that undermine the programme objectives of provision of positive prevention and timeous access to ART

AN ANALYSIS OF THE PROFILES AND MOTIVATIONS OF HABITUAL COMMODITY SPECULATORS

The focus of this study is the habitual speculator in commodity futures markets. The speculator's activity broadens a market, creates essential liquidity, and performs an irreplaceable pricing function. Working knowledge of the profiles and motivations of habitual speculators is essential to both market theorist and policy makers. Responses to a 73 question survey were collected directly from retail commodity brokers with offices in Alabama. Each questionnaire recorded information on an individual commodity client who had traded for an extended period of time. The typical trader studied is a married, white male, age 52. He is affluent and well educated. He is a self-employed business owner who can recover from financial setbacks. He is a politically right wing conservative involved in the political process. He assumes a good deal of risk in most phases of his life. He is both an aggressive investor and an active gambler. This trader does not consider preservation of his commodity capital to be a very high trading priority. As a result, he rarely uses stop loss orders. He wins more frequently than he loses (over 51% of the time) but is an overall net loser in dollar terms. In spite of recurring trading losses, he has never made any substantial change in his basic trading style. To this trader, whether he won or lost on a particular trade is more important than the size of the win or loss. Thus he consistently cuts his profits short while letting his losses run. He also worries more about missing a move in the market by being on the sidelines than about losing by being on the wrong side of a market move; i.e., being in the action is more important than the financial consequences. Participating brokers confirmed that for the majority of the speculators studied, the primary motivation for continuous trading is the recreational utility derived largely from having a market position.Marketing,