Pengaruh Penggunaan Parasetamol Selama Kehamilan terhadap Preeklampsia

Preeclampsia is one of the causes of maternal death. The important factor of preeclampsia's pathophysiology is reduction of PGI2 as vasodilator. It causes vasoconstriction which influences the formation of desidua. Paracetamol is the most widely used antipyretic in the world. Mechanism of action of paracetamol may lead to preeclampsia. The aim of this research was to determine the relation between paracetamol used during pregnancy and preeclampsia in RS X Yogyakarta. The research was an analytical epidemiology with case control study design. Data were obtained from medical record and interview. Sample size was 137 maternal patients in October-December 2013 and 72 maternal have been followed up. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square tests, and logistic regression. Preeclampsia patients were taking paracetamol during pregnancy (71.8%), aged 30-40 years (84.6%), and had preeclampsia family history (28.2) than non preeclampsia patient. Chi-square test showed the relation between paracetamol used (p=0.010, OR= 3.46 (95%CI= 1.30 – 9.22), dose a day (p=0.010, OR= 3.18 (95%CI= 1.12 – 9.06), duration of paracetamol used (p=0.005, OR= 7.75 (95%CI= 1.60 – 37.53), and used within first trimester (p=0.878, OR= 0.91 (95%CI= 0.26 – 3.12) to preeclampsia. Logistic regression analyses showed no correlation between variables to preeclampsia. Women who used paracetamol during pregnancy had an increased risk of preeclampsia

Korelasi Rasio Lingkar Pinggang Panggul (Rlpp) terhadap Profil Lipid pada Pra-geriatri dan Geriatri

Abnormality of lipid profile is one of cardiovascular risk factors which increases with aging. Anthropometric measurement is one of the predictors of abnormal lipid profile without invasive methods and affordable cost. One of the anthropometric measurements that could be used as a predictor is waist to hip ratio (WHR). The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between WHR with abnormality of lipid profile which were related to total cholesterol, Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL), High Density Lipoprotein (HDL), and triglyceride (TG) in pre-geriatrics and geriatrics group. This study was analytical observational with cross sectional design. Statistical analysis used Kolmogorov-Smirnov followed bivariable analysis with confidence interval (CI) 95%. The correlation statistical test used Pearson and Spearman. The results showed no statistically significant correlation between WHR with total cholesterol (r=-0.054, p > 0.05), LDL (r=-0.047, p > 0.05), TG (r=0.018, p > 0.05), and HDL (r=0.016, p > 0.05)

Hubungan Procalsitonin dan Gambaran Morfologi Leukosit pada Infeksi Bakterial

Bacterial sepsis increases morbidity and mortality in all ages. Early detection has been shown to be crucial for the improved outcome of patients with sepsis. Till now there is no routine test forscreening. Procalcitonin and morphology of leukocytes are biomarkers of bacterial sepsis. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between procalcitonin and morphology of leukocytes as marker in bacterial infection. This study was analytical observational with cross sectional design and data collected prospectively.This study measured simultaneously the value of procalcitonin and morphology of leukocytes examination in patients with suspected bacterial infection in hospital X of Yogyakarta. Data were analysed by statistics. The results showed immature granulocytes and vacuolization of neutrophils in the leucocytes morphology has a significant correlation with level of procalcitonin

Correlation Between Anthropometric Measurements and Risk of Anemia Among Rural Community in Cangkringan, Sleman

Anemia has been detected on various age groups. Measurement of hemoglobin (Hb) levels is a standard for deciding anemia conditions. The measurement requires certain costs, medical professional, and is invasive. People in rural areas need an economical, easy and simple examination to identify the risk of anemia. Anthropometric measurement is expected to be an appropriate measurement model for rural communities. The objective of the study is to obtain the best anthropometric measurement predictors for detecting anemia in rural communities. This was an observational study using a cross-sectional design. The inclusion criteria of the subjects of the study were residents of Cangkringan, who were between 40 and 60 years old. The subjects were chosen using random sampling cluster technique. The sample size was 100 respondents and was taken based on cluster. Descriptive analysis was used to determine the prevalence of anemia. Analysis the difference in proportion was conducted using Mann-Whitney. Correlation analysis was performed to determine the relationship between Hb levels and anthropometric measurements by using Spearman. The results showed that only 5% of the subjects are in the status of anemia based on their Hb levels. There is a significant difference between Hb levels in the normal and obese groups based on the waist hip circumference ratios (WHR) (p = 0.002). The waist circumference has a weak correlation (r = 0.238, p = 0.017) and WR has a moderate correlation (r = 0.483, p = 0.000) with Hb levels. The results of this study are not appropriate in which central obese patients should be more at risk of anemia. This study concludes that there is a significant positive moderate correlation between anthropometry, which is the waist circumference parameters and WHR, to the Hb levels in rural communities

Early Implementation of Universal Health Coverage Among Hypertension Subjects in Sleman District of Yogyakarta

Aim: to evaluate the participant rate of the new universal health coverage (UHC) and its impact on the hypertensive subjects from the rural area in the Sleman-District of Yogyakarta during the early implementation. Methods: this epidemiological survey of the new UHC implementation was included as an analytical crosssectional study done with cluster random sampling. The subject criteria were aged 30-85 year, not in pregnancy, and signed the informed-consent. Subjects were grouped based on the health coverage disparity and analyzed with chi-square statistics for the hypertension prevalence, awareness, therapy, and control. The additional variables of BMI, education, occupation, income, smoking, diet control, physical activity, and health facilities were grouped into binomial data and analyzed based-on the health coverage disparity. Results: of 926 total subjects, 602 (65.0%) subjects had the health coverage including 9.2% of the new UHC. The groups of with and without health coverage were not significantly different in hypertension prevalence, the profile of age, blood pressure, and the proportion of the other variables (p>0.05) except for smoking and physical activities. In the high blood pressure sub-group (n=446), the subjects without health coverage had lower proportion of the hypertension awareness p0.05). Conclusion: the participant rate of new UHC was relatively low at 9.2%. Among the subgroup with ≥140/90mmHg blood pressure, the subjects without health coverage were more likely to have lower hypertension awareness and suboptimal therapy than those with the health coverage program.Key words: universal health coverage, hypertension, awareness, therapy

Selective Cytotoxic Activity of Anredera Cordifolia Leaves Extract Towards Hela Cells

Cervical cancer is second rank cancer in female cancer incidence all over the world and the strategy therapy against this disease is addressing cancer cells without endanger normal cells. Discovering potentially selective anticancer agent from plants for the treatment of cervical cancer has become a very challenging area of research worldwide. Our previous study Anredera cordifolia, commonly named as binahong in Indonesia, revealed cytotoxic activity on HeLa cervical cancer cells with IC50 75 µg/mL. However, the selectivity of the chemical agent and its molecular target has still remained a question. The current study was aimed at investigating the selectivity of ethanolic extract of A. cordifolia leaf (EAC) on Vero cells and its molecular target on HeLa cells. The extracts were prepared by macerating Anredera cordifolia leaf powder in 70% ethanol. The assessment of the viability of Vero cells was carried out using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay; while the cell cycle analysis of HeLa cells was probed by using flow cytometry. Based on the cell cycle analysis, the molecular target of the extract was investigated by immunocytochemical staining. The present study exhibited the selective cytotoxicity of EAC on HeLa cells compared to Vero cells with a Selectivity Index (SI) of 17.36. It arrested cell cycle on G1/S phase and suppressed Bcl–2 expression, anti-apoptotic protein, which also regulates cell cycle. Therefore, the current piece of work endorses the use of EAC as a promising anticancer agent in the treatment of cervical cancer. EAC may be used as a selective anticancer agent on HeLa cells

Sindrom Metabolik pada Pasien Kanker di YOGYAKARTA, Indonesia

Provinsi DI Yogyakarta memiliki prevalensi kanker tertinggi di Indonesia. Di sisi lain, pasien kanker mungkin memiliki risiko penyakit kardiovaskular akibat kemoterapi yang diterima. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengobservasi sindrom metabolik pada pasien kanker di Yayasan Kanker Indonesia di Yogyakarta, sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai skrining awal dan langkah preventif mengurangi risiko penyakit kardiovaskuler maupun relapsing kanker. Jenis penelitian ini adalah observasional analitik dengan desain potong lintang (cross-sectional) dengan mengikutsertakan responden di Yayasan Kanker Indonesia selama bulan Agustus 2018. Kriteria inklusi subyek penelitian adalah pasien terdiagnosa kanker, berusia 20-74 tahun, dan bersedia ikut serta dalam penelitian dengan menandatangani informed consent. Analisis komparatif kategorik digunakan untuk melihat pengaruh jenis diagnosa kanker, stage, dan lama terapi terhadap sindrom metabolik dengan menggunakan Chi-Square. Kanker nasofaring merupakan kanker yang paling banyak ditemui dengan 36,9% pasien pada stage 3 dan 4, serta 55% pasien telah menjalani terapi >3 bulan. Jumlah pasien dengan gula darah sewaktu (GDS)>200 mg/dL, status obesitas [berdasarkan Body Mass Index (BMI) dan lingkar pinggang (LP)], dan hipertensi masing-masing sebesar 6,3; 50,5; dan 47,7%. Terdapat perbedaan proporsi BMI yang bermakna secara statistik (p=0,03) terhadap jenis kanker, namun tidak ditemukan pada variabel yang lain. Untuk bisa mengambil kesimpulan yang lebih baik, perlu adanya peninjuan lebih dalam ke pihak rumah sakit melalui rekam medis terkait dengan stage dan terapi yang diterima oleh pasien