THE ACTIVITIES OF YOGYAKARTA TOURIST INFORMATION CENTRE TO IMPROVE THE SERVICES FINAL PROJECT

ABSTRACT Virgin Hertika fara Fadhillah. 2010. THE ACTIVITIES OF YOGYAKARTA TOURIST INFORMATION CENTRE TO IMPROVE THE SERVICES. English Diploma Program, Faculty of Letters and Fine Arts, Sebelas Maret University. This final project is based on the job training which was done at Yogyakarta Tourist Information Centre (TIC). The objective of this report is to mention and describe the activities of Yogyakarta TIC for improving the services for the tourists who visit Yogyakarta Special Province. The data of this report were taken from observation and library study, by collecting information from books, documents, and observation. Based on the observation, it can be concluded that Yogyakarta TIC does various activities to improve the services continuously given to the tourists. It is done in order to give the best services to the tourists, so the number of the tourists will increase. The activities done by Yogyakarta TIC are providing good accommodation and facilities such as a big sign of TIC, chairs and tables, brochures of tourism Yogyakarta, serving the tourists well, promoting all of the tourism destinations to make the tourists easier to get there, and so on

Experimental validation of phase space conduits of transition between potential wells

A phase space boundary between transition and non-transition, similar to those observed in chemical reaction dynamics, is shown experimentally in a macroscopic system. We present a validation of the phase space flux across rank one saddles connecting adjacent potential wells and confirm the underlying phase space conduits that mediate the transition. Experimental regions of transition are found to agree with the theory to within 1\%, suggesting the robustness of phase space conduits of transition in a broad array of two or more degree of freedom experimental systems, despite the presence of small dissipation.Comment: 7 pages, 6 figure

Local Entropy Characterization of Correlated Random Microstructures

A rigorous connection is established between the local porosity entropy introduced by Boger et al. (Physica A 187, 55 (1992)) and the configurational entropy of Andraud et al. (Physica A 207, 208 (1994)). These entropies were introduced as morphological descriptors derived from local volume fluctuations in arbitrary correlated microstructures occuring in porous media, composites or other heterogeneous systems. It is found that the entropy lengths at which the entropies assume an extremum become identical for high enough resolution of the underlying configurations. Several examples of porous and heterogeneous media are given which demonstrate the usefulness and importance of this morphological local entropy concept.Comment: 15 pages. please contact [email protected] and have a look at http://www.ica1.uni-stuttgart.de/ . To appear in Physica

A Tube Dynamics Perspective Governing Stability Transitions: An Example Based on Snap-through Buckling

The equilibrium configuration of an engineering structure, able to withstand a certain loading condition, is usually associated with a local minimum of the underlying potential energy. However, in the nonlinear context, there may be other equilibria present, and this brings with it the possibility of a transition to an alternative (remote) minimum. That is, given a sufficient disturbance, the structure might buckle, perhaps suddenly, to another shape. This paper considers the dynamic mechanisms under which such transitions (typically via saddle points) occur. A two-mode Hamiltonian is developed for a shallow arch/buckled beam. The resulting form of the potential energy---two stable wells connected by rank-1 saddle points---shows an analogy with resonance transitions in celestial mechanics or molecular reconfigurations in chemistry, whereas here the transition corresponds to switching between two stable structural configurations. Then, from Hamilton's equations, the analytical equilibria are determined and linearization of the equations of motion about the saddle is obtained. After computing the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the coefficient matrix associated with the linearization, a symplectic transformation is given which puts the Hamiltonian into normal form and simplifies the equations, allowing us to use the conceptual framework known as tube dynamics. The flow in the equilibrium region of phase space as well as the invariant manifold tubes in position space are discussed. Also, we account for the addition of damping in the tube dynamics framework, which leads to a richer set of behaviors in transition dynamics than previously explored.Comment: 16 pages, 12 figure

Local Percolation Probabilities for a Natural Sandstone

Local percolation probabilities are used to characterize the connectivity in porous and heterogeneous media. Together with local porosity distributions they allow to predict transport properties \cite{hil91d}. While local porosity distributions are readily obtained, measurements of the local percolation probabilities are more difficult and have not been attempted previously. First measurements of three dimensional local porosity distributions and percolation probabilities from a pore space reconstruction for a natural sandstone show that theoretical expectations and experimental results are consistent.Comment: 9 pages, see also http://www.ica1.uni-stuttgart.de , Physica

Expression of Ifnlr1 on intestinal epithelial cells is critical to the antiviral effects of IFN-lambda against norovirus and reovirus

Lambda interferon (IFN-λ) has potent antiviral effects against multiple enteric viral pathogens, including norovirus and rotavirus, in both preventing and curing infection. Because the intestine includes a diverse array of cell types, however, the cell(s) upon which IFN-λ acts to exert its antiviral effects is unclear. Here, we sought to identify IFN-λ-responsive cells by generation of mice with lineage-specific deletion of the receptor for IFN-λ, Ifnlr1. We found that expression of IFNLR1 on intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) in the small intestine and colon is required for enteric IFN-λ antiviral activity. IEC Ifnlr1 expression also determines the efficacy of IFN-λ in resolving persistent murine norovirus (MNoV) infection and regulates fecal shedding and viral titers in tissue. Thus, the expression of Ifnlr1 by IECs is necessary for the response to both endogenous and exogenous IFN-λ. We further demonstrate that IEC Ifnlr1 expression is required for the sterilizing innate immune effects of IFN-λ by extending these findings in Rag1-deficient mice. Finally, we assessed whether our findings pertained to multiple viral pathogens by infecting mice specifically lacking IEC Ifnlr1 expression with reovirus. These mice phenocopied Ifnlr1-null animals, exhibiting increased intestinal tissue titers and enhanced reovirus fecal shedding. Thus, IECs are the critical cell type responding to IFN-λ to control multiple enteric viruses. This is the first genetic evidence that supports an essential role for IECs in IFN-λ-mediated control of enteric viral infection, and these findings provide insight into the mechanism of IFN-λ-mediated antiviral activity. IMPORTANCE Human noroviruses (HNoVs) are the leading cause of epidemic gastroenteritis worldwide. Type III interferons (IFN-λ) control enteric viral infections in the gut and have been shown to cure mouse norovirus, a small-animal model for HNoVs. Using a genetic approach with conditional knockout mice, we identified IECs as the dominant IFN-λ-responsive cells in control of enteric virus infection in vivo. Upon murine norovirus or reovirus infection, Ifnlr1 depletion in IECs largely recapitulated the phenotype seen in Ifnlr1(−/−) mice of higher intestinal tissue viral titers and increased viral shedding in the stool. Moreover, IFN-λ-mediated sterilizing immunity against murine norovirus requires the capacity of IECs to respond to IFN-λ. These findings clarify the mechanism of action of this cytokine and emphasize the therapeutic potential of IFN-λ for treating mucosal viral infections