Qualidade de um estudo de impacto ambiental, por meio da aplicação do método de análise de Lee & Colley

Projetos, atividades ou empreendimentos causadores de significativo impacto ambiental, devem ser licenciados por meio da Avaliação de Impacto Ambiental (AIA), a qual encontra-se vinculada à apresentação do Estudo de Impacto Ambiental (EIA). Uma crítica em relação ao EIA têm sido sua baixa qualidade. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade de um estudo de impacto ambiental, por meio da aplicação do método de análise de Lee & Colley. A partir da aplicação desse método, foi obtida a nota E para este EIA, caracterizando-o como insatisfatório, possuindo omissões e pontos inadequados significativos. A análise de Lee & Colley apresenta ao todo 73 critérios de análise, incluindo 4 áreas, 17 categorias e 52 subcategorias. Deste total, 73 itens (critérios) analíticos, 24 (cerca de 33%) receberam nota D, 22 (30%) obtiveram nota E e 6 (8%) tiveram nota F. Com isto, 71% dos itens do EIA avaliado foram considerados inadequados. A partir do presente trabalho, foi possível evidenciar que o EIA avaliado não apresenta qualidade satisfatória, dificultando o processo de licenciamento ambiental e a tomada de decisão sobre a viabilidade socioambiental do empreendimento em questão

LITTERFALL PRODUCTION AS A FUNCTION OF PLANTING SEEDLINGS SYSTEM IN A TWO YEARS FOREST RESTORATION AREA IN THE COASTAL - PLAIN OF CARAGUATATUBA, SÃO PAULO, BRAZIL

<div><p>ABSTRACT Seedlings plantation combining pioneer and non-pioneer species facilitates the restoration of ecological processes, such as litterfall production. Litterfall is fundamental to reestablish nutrient cycling and to recover soil fertility in early stages of restoration. This study evaluated litterfall production in a two-year forest restoration area (transitional rain forest: Restinga high forest - submontane rain forest) by comparing differences in litter production between seedlings plantation in rows (LI, 2x2m spacing) and in clusters (NU, 30x30cm spacing). Litterfall was collected monthly during 24 months in 62 plots (27 LI; 27 NU and 8 controls without plantation). Litterfall dry mass, litter fractions (leaves, twigs, reproductive and miscellaneous), dry mass from seedling material and dry mass from vegetation prior to the restoration were determined. Annual litter production was higher in restored plots (254.91 g.m-2) than in control ones (120.99 g.m-2) and there was no difference between rows (259.39 g.m-2) and clusters (250.59 g.m-2). There was substitution of the litter type with time, which was higher in restored than in control plots, but there was no difference between rows and clusters. Results indicated that: (1) planting seedlings facilitates litterfall recovery; (2) there is litter substitution as from the beginning of the restoration; and (3) planting seedlings in rows or clusters is equally efficient to restore litter production. In conclusion, planting seedlings leads to higher litter production and it could benefit the recovery of nutrients cycling in degraded areas, regardless of the disposition of seedlings in rows or clusters.</p></div