Morphological characteristics for fruits of aronia mitschurinii A.K. Skvortsov & Maitul.

The aim of this study was to determine morphometric characteristics of fruits within some phenotypes of Aronia mitschurinii A.K. Skvortsov & Maitul. Their morphometric parameters were following: weight from 0.75 g (AM-03) to 1.52 g (AM-04), length from 9.46 mm (AM-03) to 12.73 mm (AM-04), diameter from 10.49 mm (AM-03) to 13.73 mm (AM-04), fruits number in the corymb from 11.33 (AM-07) to 20.13 (AM-03), cumulative weight of fruits in the corymb from 10.42 g (AM-07) to 21.73 g (AM-04), volume of fruits from 0.55 (AM-03) to 1.26 (AM-04) cm3. The shape index of the fruits was found in the range of 0.87 (AR-01, AR-05, AR-07) to 0.93 (AM-02). The analysis of coefficient of variation showed the difference of variability in morphological characteristics between Aronia mitschurinii samples. Data showed that the most variability of important selection characteristics are the average cumulative mass of fruits in a сorymb - from 12.34 (AM-03) to 38.61 (AM-02) % and fruit number of fruits in the сorymb - from 14.56 (AM-03) to 36.88 (AM-02) %. The other characteristics are more or less stable. The introduction population of the Aronia mitschurinii, was created in the M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden in Kyiv, has a sufficient potential for successful selection work

Variation in morphometric traits of fruits of Mespilus germanica L.

According to the International Program for the Botanic Gardens Conservation, botanic gardens contribute to the conservation plant species, which are of great socio-economic importance, and develop and implement a policy to use herbal products derived from sustainably developing sources. The aim of this study was to determine morphometric parameters of fruits of seven genotypes of Mespilus germanica L., which are growing in the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine in M. M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of NAS of Ukraine (Kyiv). Their morphometric parameters were following: fruit weight from 35.29 to 39.12 g, fruit length from 27.69 to 42.29 mm, fruit diameter from 24.98 to 44.75 mm, length of calyx basin from 17.55 to 32.46 mm. The shape index of the fruits was found in the range of 0.79 to 1.23. It was found that fruit diameter positively correlated with traits such as fruit weight and calyx basin length. Fruit weight was also highly correlated with calyx basin length and fruit length. Using the cluster analysis with Euclidian distances allowed to establish the relationships among the fruits Mespilus germanica germplasm and arranged the genotypes into five relatively homogenous clusters. Hence, the introduction population characterized by quite variability and contains plants with almost all types of fruits. Obtained data can be used for breeding programs and introducing of cultivars in Mespilus germanica. <!--[endif] --

Ендотелійзалежне скорочення ворітної вени на дію катехоламінів

General role of endothelium and participation of prostanoids in the mechanisms of catecolamine action on tonic contractile activity of the rat portal vein were investigated. At the same concentration (5·10-6 mol/l) adrenaline, noradrenaline and dopamine caused tonic constriction of portal vein. Denudation of vein endothelium layer by saponin and cyclooxygenase blockade by indometacine decreased in amplitude of catecholamine-induced constriction of portal vein. The results obtained, suggest that prostanoids, possibly of endothelium origine, involved in realization of catecholamine-induced contractile activity of the rat portal vein.Досліджено загальну роль ендотелію та участь продуктів циклооксигеназного перетворення арахідонової кислоти в механізмі опосередкування дії катехоламінів на скоротливу активність ізольованих препаратів ворітної вени печінки щурів. В однаковій концентрації (5·10-6 моль/л) адреналін, норадреналін та дофамін викликали тонічне скорочення ворітної вени. Деендотелізація судинних препаратів сапоніном, а також блокування циклооксигенази індометацином (7·10-8моль/л) пригнічували скоротливу активність ВВ під дією всіх катехоламінів. Отримані результати свідчать про участь простаноїдів, імовірно, ендотеліального походження в реалізації скоротливої тонічної активності ворітної вени, індукованої катехоламінами

The morphological and antioxidant characteristics of inflorescences within wild-growing genotypes of elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.)

The aim of this study was to determine the basic morphological characteristics (weight, length) and antioxidant activity (using DPPH method) of elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.) inflorescences as well as some elderberry-derived food products prepared from fresh (honey, alcoholic extract, tea infusions) and dried inflorescences (syrup). For the study of problematic, it was used 113 wild-growing genotypes of elderberry from 56 locations in Slovakia growing at an altitude of 98.15 - 712.32 m. The weight of fresh inflorescences ranged from 0.45 to 57.59 g (75.65% coefficient of variation value), the total length of inflorescences ranged from 19.0 to 282.0 mm (22.42%), the length of inflorescence&acute;s stems from 9.0 to 197.0 mm (31.51%), a number of petals predominated pentanumerous petals. Variability in primary and secondary branching reported a&nbsp;low to high degree of variability among as well as within the genotypes. Results showed significant differences in the shape of inflorescences and the colour of flowers among each genotype. Antioxidant activity by DPPH method in elderberry inflorescence water extract was between 85.12 and 89.29%. Activation of tea infusions and beverages was ensured using a&nbsp;mechanism Kalyxx based on galvanic effect. In beverages made from 10% diluted honey prepared from fresh inflorescences in the carbohydrate-based extract, anti-radical activity was determined in the range of 16.81 - 24.16%. In an alcoholic extract from fresh inflorescences, anti-radical activity was between 90.99 and 93.16%. In beverages acquired from the syrup of flowers, we identified antioxidant activity ranging from 37.92 (10%) to 62.82% (40%). Results indicated that elderberry inflorescences and elderberry-derived food products can be attractive to consumers and in future can increase the assortments of healthy products. <br /

Creation of the corporate information system based on knowledge economy

Nowadays it is impossible to remain competitive by operating on the same template for a long period of time. In order to gain an advantage in the market, companies should adapt to changes in the world as soon as possible and find new competitive mechanisms. Innovation is also needed in order to be able to offer consumers products that will differ from available in the market in rising competitive conditions. The task of the authors in this study is to find and investigate an effective way to plan and conduct production and economic activities through changing value guidelines: a transition from an orientation to material and technical factors to information resources, a part of the knowledge economy. The authors defined the main stages of the formation of a corporate information system based on a sustainable economy

Endothelium-dependent Constriction of Portal Vein to Catecholamines

Досліджено загальну роль ендотелію та участь продуктів циклооксигеназного перетворення арахідонової кислоти в механізмі опосередкування дії катехоламінів на скоротливу активність ізольованих препаратів ворітної вени печінки щурів. В однаковій концентрації (5·10-6 моль/л) адреналін, норадреналін та дофамін викликали тонічне скорочення ворітної вени. Деендотелізація судинних препаратів сапоніном, а також блокування цикло- оксигенази індометацином (7·10-8моль/л) пригнічували скоротливу активність ВВ під дією всіх катехоламінів. Отримані результати свідчать про участь простаноїдів, імовірно, ендотеліального походження в реалізації скоротливої тонічної активності ворітної вени, індукованої катехоламінами. General role of endothelium and participation of prostanoids in the mechanisms of catecolamine action on tonic contractile activity of the rat portal vein were investigated. At the same concentration (5·10-6 mol/l) adrenaline, noradrenaline and dopamine caused tonic constriction of portal vein. Denudation of vein endothelium layer by saponin and cyclooxygenase blockade by indometacine decreased in amplitude of catecholamine-induced constriction of portal vein. The results obtained, suggest that prostanoids, possibly of endothelium origine, involved in realization of catecholamine-induced contractile activity of the rat portal vein

3000 years of past regional and local land-use and land-cover change in the southeastern Swedish coastal area : early human-induced increases in landscape openness as a potential nutrient source to the Baltic sea coastal waters

Reconstructions of past land use and related land-cover changes at local and regional scales are needed to evaluate the potential long-term impacts of land use on the coastal waters of the Baltic Sea. In this purpose, we selected the Gamleby area at the Swedish Baltic Sea coast for a case study. We use a new, high resolution pollen record from a small lake (Lillsjön) located 3.6 km NNW of the bay Gamlebyviken and detailed analysis of the available archeological data to reconstruct local land-use changes over the last 3000 years. To estimate land-cover change at local (2–3 km radius area) and regional (50 km radius area) scales we use four additional, published pollen records from two small and two large lakes (25–70 km S of Lillsjön) and the Landscape Reconstruction Algorithm, a pollen-vegetation modeling scheme. Results show that regional and local (small lakes Lillsjön and Hyttegöl) land-cover changes are comparable over the last 1500 years (Late Iron Age to present), and that landscape openness was much larger locally than regionally (difference of 20–40% cover over the last 500 years). The periods of largest potential impacts on the Gamlebyviken Bay from regional and local land use are 200–950 CE (Late Iron Age) and 1450 CE to present, and of lowest potential impacts 950–1450 CE. The question on whether the large landscape openness 1150–50 BCE and significant afforestation 50 BCE–200 CE reconstructed for Lillsjön’s area are characteristic of the Gamlebyviken region will require additional pollen records in the catchment area

Behavior in the open field predicts the number of KCl-induced cortical spreading depressions in rats.

Anxiety disorders are known to be comorbid with migraine, and cortical spreading depression (CSD) is the most likely cause of the migraine aura. To search for possible correlations between susceptibility to CSD and anxiety we used the open field test in male Sprague-Dawley rats chronically treated with the preventive anti-migraine drugs valproate or riboflavin. Animals avoiding the central area of the open field chamber and those with less exploratory activity (i.e. rearing) were considered more anxious. After 4 weeks of treatment CSDs were elicited by application of 1M KCl over the occipital cortex and the number of CSDs occurring over a 2h period was compared to the previously assessed open field behavior. Higher anxiety-like behavior was significantly correlated with a higher frequency of KCl-induced CSDs. In saline-treated animals, fewer rearings were found in animals with more frequent CSDs (R=-1.00). The duration of ambulatory episodes in the open field center correlated negatively with number of CSDs in the valproate group (R=-0.83; p<0.005) and in riboflavin treated group (R=-0.69; p<0.05) as well as total time spent in the open field center in both groups (R=-0.75; p<0.05 and R=-0.58; p<0.1 respectively). These results suggest that anxiety symptoms are associated with susceptibility to CSD and might explain why it can be an aggravating factor in migraine with aura