Whole genome resequencing and phenotyping of MAGIC population for high resolution mapping of drought tolerance in chickpea

Terminal drought is one of the major constraints to crop production in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). In order to map drought tolerance related traits at high resolution, we sequenced multi-parent advanced generation intercross (MAGIC) population using whole genome resequencing approach and phenotyped it under drought stress environments for two consecutive years (2013-14 and 2014-15). A total of 52.02 billion clean reads containing 4.67 TB clean data were generated on the 1136 MAGIC lines and eight parental lines. Alignment of clean data on to the reference genome enabled identification of a total, 932,172 of SNPs, 35,973 insertions, and 35,726 deletions among the parental lines. A high-density genetic map was constructed using 57,180 SNPs spanning a map distance of 1606.69 cM. Using compressed mixed linear model, genome-wide association study (GWAS) enabled us to identify 737 markers significantly associated with days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height, 100 seed weight, biomass, and harvest index. In addition to the GWAS approach, an identity-by-descent (IBD)-based mixed model approach was used to map quantitative trait loci (QTLs). The IBD-based mixed model approach detected major QTLs that were comparable to those from the GWAS analysis as well as some exclusive QTLs with smaller effects. The candidate genes like FRIGIDA and CaTIFY4b can be used for enhancing drought tolerance in chickpea. The genomic resources, genetic map, marker-trait associations, and QTLs identified in the study are valuable resources for the chickpea community for developing climate resilient chickpeas

Design, Development and In-Vitro Characterization of Lansoprazole Delayed Release Enteric Coated Pellets in Capsules

The Current scientific work would be “Design, Progress and In-Vitro Categorization like Lansoprazole Delayed launch Capsules” indeed a categorization of proton pump inhibitor utilized during diagnosis like gastro esophagus acid reflux disease, erosional esophagitis as well as acid associated conditions. Lansoprazole would really an acid fragile opoid. That as well degrades with inside the acidic environment of it abdomen thereby resulting in therapeutic inefficacy. And thus will be essential to bypass an acidic nature of an abdomen. A current scientific task focus primarily on collection one of opoid would be Lansoprazole but also components like varied by HPC-L as well as eudragit L30 D55 have been also utilized even though enteric polymeric materials. An enteric coated granules seem to have been prepare through suspended layer-based particular method through fluidization processor. 10 compositions (F1 - F10) Lansoprazole enteric coated granules seem to have been ready wide variation a composers like drug loading, barrier coating as well as enteric covering. FT-IR has been manage to perform of about recognise this same suitability (compatibility) of some like the drug with assorted components various and SEM analysis had been done of about realize this same morphological characteristics of something like the pellets. In All 10 formulations were also maintained regarding Stability studies and done as three months there as 40°C/75 %RH but also 25°C/60 % RH as per ICH guidelines. A prepared formulations F 10 would be being shown advantageous in vitro acid as well as buffer release of drug in as during consistency timespan but also corresponding to a originator

Genome-wide identification and expression profiling of growth‑regulating factor (GRF) and GRF‑interacting factor (GIF) gene families in chickpea and pigeonpea

Abstract The growth-regulating factor (GRF) and GRF-interacting factor (GIF) families encode plant-specific transcription factors and play vital roles in plant development and stress response processes. Although GRF and GIF genes have been identified in various plant species, there have been no reports of the analysis and identification of the GRF and GIF transcription factor families in chickpea (Cicer arietinum) and pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan). The present study identified seven CaGRFs, eleven CcGRFs, four CaGIFs, and four CcGIFs. The identified proteins were grouped into eight and three clades for GRFs and GIFs, respectively based on their phylogenetic relationships. A comprehensive in-silico analysis was performed to determine chromosomal location, sub-cellular localization, and types of regulatory elements present in the putative promoter region. Synteny analysis revealed that GRF and GIF genes showed diploid-polyploid topology in pigeonpea, but not in chickpea. Tissue-specific expression data at the vegetative and reproductive stages of the plant showed that GRFs and GIFs were strongly expressed in tissues like embryos, pods, and seeds, indicating that GRFs and GIFs play vital roles in plant growth and development. This research characterized GRF and GIF families and hints at their primary roles in the chickpea and pigeonpea growth and developmental process. Our findings provide potential gene resources and vital information on GRF and GIF gene families in chickpea and pigeonpea, which will help further understand the regulatory role of these gene families in plant growth and development

(2005-2006) Assembly Resolution 26: ln support of students at The University of Texas at Austin who are seeking a meeting with the President of The University of Texas at Austin to write a letter to Dow Chemical Company to address its responsibility towards the Bhopal disaster and ask Dow Chemical Company to spend matching funds for the environmental clean-up in Bhopal

Governmen

Major QTLs and Potential Candidate Genes for Heat Stress Tolerance Identified in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

In the context of climate change, heat stress during the reproductive stages of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) leads to significant yield losses. In order to identify the genomic regions responsible for heat stress tolerance, a recombinant inbred line population derived from DCP 92-3 (heat sensitive) and ICCV 92944 (heat tolerant) was genotyped using the genotyping-by-sequencing approach and evaluated for two consecutive years (2017 and 2018) under normal and late sown or heat stress environments. A high-density genetic map comprising 788 single-nucleotide polymorphism markers spanning 1,125 cM was constructed. Using composite interval mapping, a total of 77 QTLs (37 major and 40 minor) were identified for 12 of 13 traits. A genomic region on CaLG07 harbors quantitative trait loci (QTLs) explaining >30% phenotypic variation for days to pod initiation, 100 seed weight, and for nitrogen balance index explaining >10% PVE. In addition, we also reported for the first time major QTLs for proxy traits (physiological traits such as chlorophyll content, nitrogen balance index, normalized difference vegetative index, and cell membrane stability). Furthermore, 32 candidate genes in the QTL regions that encode the heat shock protein genes, heat shock transcription factors, are involved in flowering time regulation as well as pollen-specific genes. The major QTLs reported in this study, after validation, may be useful in molecular breeding for developing heat-tolerant superior lines or varieties