FGF2 Enhances Odontoblast Differentiation by αSMA Progenitors In Vivo

The goal of this study was to examine the effects of early and limited exposure of perivascular cells expressing α (αSMA) to fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) in vivo. We performed in vivo fate mapping by inducible Cre-loxP and experimental pulp injury in molars to induce reparative dentinogenesis. Our results demonstrate that early delivery of exogenous FGF2 to exposed pulp led to proliferative expansion of αSMA-tdTomato cells and their accelerated differentiation into odontoblasts. In vivo lineage-tracing experiments showed that the calcified bridge/reparative dentin in FGF2-treated pulps were lined with an increased number of Dspp odontoblasts and devoid of BSP osteoblasts. The increased number of odontoblasts derived from αSMA-tdTomato cells and the formation of reparative dentin devoid of osteoblasts provide in vivo evidence for the stimulatory effects of FGF signaling on odontoblast differentiation from early progenitors in dental pulp

DS_10.1177_0022034518769827 – Supplemental material for FGF2 Enhances Odontoblast Differentiation by αSMA⁺ Progenitors In Vivo

<p>Supplemental material, DS_10.1177_0022034518769827 for FGF2 Enhances Odontoblast Differentiation by αSMA⁺ Progenitors In Vivo by I. Vidovic-Zdrilic, K.H. Vining, A. Vijaykumar, I. Kalajzic, D.J. Mooney, and M. Mina in Journal of Dental Research</p

Thermodynamics and Thermoelectricity

Thermoelectric (TE) effects result from the interference of electrical current and heat flow in various materials. This chapter presents a retrospective view on some of the milestones in the development of thermoelectricity. It reviews the thermodynamic theory of galvano- and thermomagnetic effects. As for TE materials, the galvano- and thermomagnetic effects can be found to be more pronounced in semiconductor materials. The chapter considers a basic thermodynamic system and thermodynamics of the ideal Fermi gas. Classical thermodynamics, which is useful for describing equilibrium states, provides very incomplete information on the actual physical phenomena, which are characterized by irreversibility and nonequilibrium states. Since the TE process implies the coupling of the heat flux and electric current, these two fluxes should be driven optimally. They derived two key parameters of the compatibility approach, the relative current and the TE potential