Late Conversion: The Impact of Professionalism on European Rugby Union

Rugby union only went professional in 1995, much later than other major team sports. League structures and arrangements regarding revenue sharing and salary caps differ between the three main European leagues. We consider the impact of these differences on competitive balance. In addition, unlike soccer, rugby does not require leagues to be organised along national lines, which has enabled the smaller rugby playing countries to establish a joint league. This has prevented a migration of all the best players to larger country leagues as has happened in soccer and resulted in a greater degree of competitive balance in European rugby competitions.Rugby, Economics

Behavior Change in Applied Sport Psychology: The Use of Processes of Change in Psychological Training for Athletes

The results of previous research (e.g. Leffingwell, Rider, & Williams, 2001; Massey, Meyer, & Hatch, 2011; Zizzi & Perna, 2003) have led scholars to conclude that the Transtheoretical Model (TTM) may be an appropriate paradigm to study readiness to change in sport psychology settings. However, processes of change - a critical element to the TTM - have yet to be studied or measured in an athlete population. As such, the purpose of the current investigation was to initially develop and examine a measure of the processes of change for use in applied sport psychology settings. Informed by relevant literature, an initial pool of 114 items was generated. Content validity was established by consensus agreement of three judges with expertise in elite sport performance. In an effort to test the psychometric properties of the measure, data were then collected from two independent samples. Participants included National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I athletes, professional athletes, and athletes training for or competing in the Olympic Games (n1 = 201; n2 = 358). In sample one, exploratory structural equation modeling yielded a 7-factor solution (χ2 = 117.719, p = .003; CFI = .973; TLI = .942; RMSEA = .043). In sample two, a CFA was used to cross-validate the model structure found in sample one (χ2 = 372.588, p \u3c .001; CFI = .949; TLI = .937; RMSEA = .043). Model-based reliability coefficients were calculated using standardized estimates with five of the seven subscales showing sufficient reliability (ω = 0.74 - 0.85). The Processes of Change in Sport Questionnaire (PCSQ) demonstrated concurrent validity with a modified version of the Processes of Exercise Change questionnaire (Marcus et al., 1992). Additionally, construct validity was shown as there were significant differences in the use of an athlete\u27s processes of change across classifications of stage of change (p \u3c .05). Results of the current study contribute to the sport performance and behavior change literature as it is the first to show validity for the processes of change construct as it relates to adopting and adhering to a PST routine for improved sport performance. While measuring the long-term effects of psychological intervention on sport performance remains a difficult task given the multitude of variables that account for sport performance, the TTM provides a framework for sport psychology professionals to address another key issue in the field - whether or not they are successful in helping athletes change and maintain more productive behaviors. As such, researchers should continue to examine whether TTM constructs can be measured reliably in an athletic population in an effort to create stage-based mental skills training interventions

ROLE OF CHARGE-TRANSFER INTERACTIONS IN FLAVOPROTEIN CATALYSIS

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/72175/1/j.1749-6632.1974.tb14407.x.pd

"We are GREAT Britain": British newspaper narratives during the London 2012 Olympic Games

British newspaper narratives were examined during the 2012 London Olympic Games to discern how the British press promoted specific “narratives of the nation.” For the London-based British press, the home Olympics became the ideal medium not only to sell newspapers and electronic format subscriptions, but also to (re)present their views on Britain and what it stood for. Using a qualitative textual analysis methodology, this study drew on Anderson’s theory of the “imagined community” and Edmunds and Turner’s concepts of benign and malign nationalism to provide insights about how Britishness was framed. For a country struggling to shake off the economic recession, early narratives about the Games were imbued with concerns about the escalating costs of hosting the Games and fears of terrorism. However, the critical early tone of British newspaper narratives was supplanted with uplifting, inspirational stories about the unprecedented success of Team GB athletes. This provided British journalists with an opportunity to reengineer Britishness to reinforce some traditional values and inject some new inclusive ones. Although at times, complex, contested and contradictory, the narratives generally linked the internationalism of the Olympics with a progressive, benign version of Britishness that emphasized inclusion, tolerance, and creativity and, at least temporarily, redefined how Britain regarded itself and was viewed.</jats:p

Vincent Massey Secondary School Yearbook 1967-1968

Yearbook called Pegasus.https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/essexcountyontariohighschoolyearbooks/1170/thumbnail.jp

Vincent Massey Secondary School Yearbook 1966-1967

Yearbook called Pegasus.https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/essexcountyontariohighschoolyearbooks/1169/thumbnail.jp

FAD Analogues as Mechanistic and ‘Binding-Domain’ Probes of Spinach Ferredoxin-NADP + Reductase

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/65165/1/j.1432-1033.1983.tb07348.x.pd

Vincent Massey Secondary School Yearbook 1968-1969

Yearbook called Pegasus.https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/essexcountyontariohighschoolyearbooks/1171/thumbnail.jp

Vincent Massey Secondary School Yearbook 1965-1966

Yearbook called Pegasus.https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/essexcountyontariohighschoolyearbooks/1168/thumbnail.jp