2,101 research outputs found

    UK children’s experience of smartphones and tablets: perspectives from children, parents and teachers

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    Children’s broadening use of mobile phones

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    Making the most of the communications repertoire: choosing between the mobile and fixed-line

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    Issues of placelessness, the spatial and social relations created by television’s emergence as a dominant medium, have been around since the mid-1980s. With the triumphant march of mobile telephony these issues today appear to gain new significance, and are seen in a new light. Social science focussing on mobile communication increasingly recognizes that the mobile telephone is not only a revolutionary instrument that connects people globally, it is also a powerful tool for connections on a more local scale: an organizer of life in small spaces and communities. The volume contains papers by, among others, Joshua Meyrowitz, Albert-László Barabási, Mark Poster, and James Katz

    Rising tides? Data capture, platform accumulation, and new monopolies in the digital music economy

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    This article examines the roles of platform-based distribution and user data in the digital music economy. Drawing on trade press, newspaper coverage, and a consumer privacy complaint, we offer a critical analysis of tech-music partnerships forged between Samsung and Jay-Z (2013), Apple iTunes Store and U2 (2014), Tidal and Kanye West (2016), and Apple Music and Drake (2017). In these cases, information technology (IT) companies supported album releases, and music was used to generate user data and attention: logics of data and attention capture were interwoven. The IT and music industries have adapted their business strategies to what we conceptualize as platform-based capital accumulation or ‘platform accumulation’, and models centred on controlling access and extracting rent have enabled the emergence of new monopolies and IT gatekeepers

    Environmental Mental Models of College Students

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    Primary and secondary students in the United States are provided environmental education in their curricula due in part to national legislation, but higher education, for many U.S. citizens, is the last opportunity to educate young adults about the environment and humans’ role in it in a formalized setting. Pre-college education and other life experiences or ways of learning can shape a student’s mental model of the environment. While some previous research has focused on understanding environmental mental models of primary and secondary students, only one study to date has evaluated models of college students. Further, no study has evaluated potential shifts in mental models because of taking a course or what specific factors shape these models prior to college. The objectives of this study were to assess environmental models of college students and determine whether a course on “Environmental Conservation” reinforces or influences students’ mental models by the end of the course. We compared environmental metal models at the start and end of our course using the Environments Task tool. Students were asked to provide pictorial and written descriptions of their mental models at both time periods. Additionally, photographs were used to explore student beliefs on environmental representations and questions were used to assess sources of prior environmental knowledge of students at the start of the semester. Results show that pictorial and written mental models differed from one another at the beginning as well as the end of the semester. More students identified humans as a part of the environment in their pictures by the end of the semester compared to the beginning, but no such shifts were noted in the written description. Students identified secondary school courses, life experiences such as growing up on a farm or ranch or hunting and fishing, and their family members as their primary sources of environmental information prior to taking the course. In total, these results indicate that mental models remain underdeveloped after this specific 16-week course and that these models may be more fixed by earlier educational experiences than previously believed. Recommendations for future environmental education are also provided

    Marketing Strategy Formulation in the Commercialization of New Technologies

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    The key objective of Part I is to synthesize 23 years of innovation research findings from economic, strategy, and marketing literatures and extend the current theoretical knowledge base in these domains through meta-analysis. In general, empirical evidence of the nature of the relationship between innovation and its antecedents and consequences is provided, while at the same time providing answers to conflicting conclusions within this field. The conclusions reached provide a more comprehensive understanding of the drivers of innovation as well as the implications associated with the phenomena. In addition, this study seeks to aid in building a strong theoretical foundation relating to the nature of the relationship of innovation with key antecedents and outcomes. It is demonstrated that innovation serves as a partial mediator of the relationships between organizational and environmental antecedents and firm performance. Part II builds upon the innovation foundations set forth in Part I and extends the focus to consider how innovations are commercialized outside traditional organizational boundaries. Drawing upon the Resource-based view of the firm, the impact of two dynamic capabilities (network ties and absorptive capacity) on marketing strategy formulation effectiveness is explored. Utilizing a unique sample of university pre-startup teams, this research is able to track these teams over time (longitudinal research design) and provide an empirical examination of the role of dynamic capabilities in the effective formulation of marketing strategies. There has been very little empirical research on the formation of strategies at the team level and furthermore, even less research examining marketing strategy making for technologies that were developed outside traditional organizational boundaries and without a predefined market application. Overall, this research will not only contribute significantly to the current innovation and marketing strategy literature, but will also open up new avenues of research in marketing entrepreneurship.Ph.D.Committee Co-Chair: Bharadwaj, Sundar; Committee Co-Chair: Challagalla, Goutam; Committee Member: Shalley, Christina; Committee Member: Thursby, Marie; Committee Member: Wong, Nanc

    Geophysical parameter estimation with a passive microwave spectrometer at 54 / 118 / 183 / 425 GHz

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    Thesis (Sc. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2004.Includes bibliographical references (p. 263-271).(cont.) model of a convective cell is presented that provides a physical basis for this relationship.The National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS) Aircraft Sounder Testbed-Microwave, or NAST-M, includes passive microwave spectrometers operating near the oxygen lines at 50-57 GHz, 118.75 GHz, and 424.76 GHz, and a spectrometer centered on the water vapor absorption line at 183.31 GHz. All four of the spectrometers' antenna horns are colocated, have 3-dB (full-width at half-max) beamwidths of 7.5⁰, and are directed at a single mirror that scans cross-track beneath the aircraft with a swath up to 100-km wide. The 183.31- and 424.76-GHz systems were developed as part of this thesis. The calibration techniques for two high-altitude airborne platforms are described and validated for two recent deployments. During these two deployments, various precipitation phenomena were imaged by NAST-M's radiometric and video instruments. Retrieval methods were developed and tested for single-pixel rain rate, precipitation cell-top altitude, and cloud-top altitude retrievals of convective cells. The basis of the single-pixel retrievals is a simplified convective-cell hydrometeor-profile model used with a radiative transfer solution that included absorption by atmospheric gases and by hydrometeor absorption and scattering. Two retrieval techniques were used to relate the simulated brightness temperatures to the actual brightness temperatures from the deployments. Case studies are presented from each deployment. In addition, a technique for estimating the cell-wide aggregate rain rate (kmÂČ Â· mm/hr) is presented based on the microwave radiometric signature. The cumulative 3-decibel perturbation areas of convective cells in the four frequency bands are shown to be related to their aggregate rain rates. A simple three-dimensionalby R. Vincent Leslie.Sc.D
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