Studies on Metal Chelates

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Facilitators and barriers to the uptake of COVID-19 vaccine precaution dose among adult population: qualitative analysis across six different states of India

IntroductionIndia launched the COVID-19 vaccination drive on 16th January 2021 by vaccinating the adult population above 18 years of age. This was followed by the introduction of an additional precaution dose. As on 18th October 2022, 1,02,66,96,808 (1.02 Billion) first dose and 94, 95, 39,516 (949 Million) second doses of COVID-19 vaccine were administered. However, when compared to the uptake of the primary doses, the precaution dose uptake lagged behind with only 21,75, 12,721 (217 million) doses administered. Even though, the uptake of the primary doses remained optimal, irrespective of different interventions by the Government of India, the uptake of the precaution dose remained poor. In this context, the Ministry of Health & Family Welfare wanted to understand the facilitators and Barriers for precaution dose uptake among adults so that future immunization campaigns could address these issues.MethodsAn exploratory qualitative study was conducted to assess the facilitators and barriers for COVID-19 precaution dose uptake at community level across 6 different states in India. From each of the states, two districts with the highest and lowest rates of COVID-19 vaccine precaution dose uptake were selected. In each of these districts, 2 block Primary Healthcare Centres (PHCs), one with high and one with low uptake were identified. Within these block PHCs, a PHC field area with high and low precaution dose uptakes was identified. From the identified sites a minimum of four IDIs, four FGDs were conducted among the community members. KIIs of the State Immunization Officers, District Immunisation Officers, PHC Medical Officers, healthcare workers like Accredited Social Health Activist/Auxiliary Nurse Midwife were also conducted. The data was audio recorded and it was transcribed, translated and analysed using framework approach.ResultsIt was observed that rise in COVID-19 cases prompted the community to take the precaution dose, this along with the cost of hospitalization and the number of productive days being lost as a result of being infected resulted in vaccine uptake. The fear of non-availability of COVID-19 vaccines latter on also prompted people for vaccine uptake. While the barriers were, poor accessibility to vaccination centers, long hours of travel, poor road connectivity and lack of transportation facilities. However, the most prominent barriers observed across all study sites was that a sense of pandemic fatigue and complacency had developed both among the providers as well as the beneficiaries. Other barriers include differences in vaccination schedules and longer duration between the primary doses of some vaccines. Media was identified to be both a barrier and facilitator for Covid-19 Precaution dose uptake. Even though media played an important role in disseminating information in the beginning of the campaign, it was soon followed by the circulation of both misinformation and disinformation.DiscussionThe study identified that dissemination of accurate information and community involvement at each stage of planning and implementation are crucial for the success of any campaign. Efforts should be constantly made to address and re-invent strategies that will be most suitable for the needs of the community. Therefore, in order to ensure successful vaccination campaigns, it is crucial that along with political will it is also important to have a decentralized approach with inter-sectoral coordination with different stakeholders such as healthcare workers, community members and the different departments such as the local self-governments, education department, law & order department etc. These lessons learnt from COVID-19 vaccination campaigns must not be forgotten and must be applied in future vaccination campaigns and while framing public health policies

Low Temperature Sintering and Characterizations of Co-Ti Substituted SrFe12O19 M-type Hexagonal Ferrites for High frequency Antenna Applications

The objective of the work was to sinter the Co-Ti substituted SrFe12O19 ferrite at 900oC using sintering additives and to use the low-temperature sintered ferrite for high frequency antenna substrate materials applications. SrCo1.5Ti1.5Fe9O19 ferrite was synthesized by two different routes; (a) sol-gel combustion and (b) solid-state reaction. Although the properties of the ferrite synthesized by sol-gel route were marginally higher than the ferrite prepared by solid state route, the ferrite synthesized by solid state route was used for low temperature sintering experiments due to its economical and simple processing technique. The different sintering additives like; (a) B2O3, (b) Bi2O3/+B2O3, (c) B2O3+CuO/ZnO, and (d) B2O3-Bi2O3-SiO2-ZnO (BBSZ) glass were used to study the sintering behavior of SrCo1.5Ti1.5Fe9O19 ferrite at 900oC. The 5wt% B2O3 sintering additive was proposed for the ferrite, which provides bulk density ~4.0 g/cc, equivalent ε~17 and μ~18, higher miniaturization factor (n=17.49) and good impedance matching (Zi=1.02). Bi2O3 or (Bi2O3+B2O3) additives were not so efficient like 5wt% B2O3 additive. The ferrite containing 5wt% Bi2O3 showed comparatively lower properties like; bulk density ~3.57 g/cc, ε~12.5, μ~13, n=12.74, and Zi=1.01. In the case of different combinations of B2O3+ZnO/CuO additives, 4wt% B2O3+6wt%ZnO (4B6Zn) composition was found efficient with respect to only higher bulk density achievement (~4.62 g/cc), as ε (~13) and n (~14.4) values were lower compared to 5wt% B2O3 added ferrite. The 5wt% BBSZ glass additive was found equally effective like 5wt% B2O3 additive, where the bulk density ~ 4.3 g/cc, n = 17.5 and Zi = 0.99 and about equivalent ε and μ (~17.5) were achieved. For comparison with SrCo1.5Ti1.5Fe9O19 ferrite, BaCo1.5Ti1.5Fe9O19 ferrite was also synthesized and low temperature sintered using 5wt% B2O3 and 5wt%. BBSZ glass additive. The BBSZ glass additive was found more efficient than B2O3 additive for BaCo1.5Ti1.5Fe9O19 ferrite. Finally, microstrip-fed cylindrical antennas based on low-temperature sintered SrCo1.5Ti1.5Fe9O19 and BaCo1.5Ti1.5Fe9O19 ferrites were designed, fabricated and characterized. BBSZ glass containing SrCo1.5Ti1.5Fe9O19 ferrite showed the antenna parameters; return loss ~ -34 dB, gain ~ 5.23 dB, VSWR ~ 1.05 and bandwidth (S11<-10dB) of 133 MHz at fr ~ 10.45 GHz. In the case of BBSZ glass containing BaCo1.5Ti1.5Fe9O19 ferrite, the return loss ~ -32 dB, VSWR ~ 1.03 and bandwidth of 98 MHz were found at fr ~ 8.91 GHz. The demonstrated results indicate that 5wt% B2O3 and 5wt%. BBSZ glass assisted low temperature sintered SrCo1.5Ti1.5Fe9O19 ferrite will be a better candidate for high-frequency antenna substrate material application

Comparative Analgesic Effect of Traditional Formulation Shuntyadi Yoga Lepa and Its Neo Formulation as Balm on Shirashula

Background: Chikista is mainly of two types i.e., antaraparmarjana and bahiramarimrjana. For relief of sthanika lakshana, immediate sthanika chikista is required. Lepa kalpana is one type of barimarimarjana chikista. Lepa pacifies the provoked local dosha by prahladana, shodhana, sopha harana. Shirah is the “uttamanga” of all the anga of the sharira and it is the abode (ashraya) of the prana and indriya. Charaka has described five types of shiroroga, whereas Sushruta, Bhavamishra and Yogaratnakara have classified eleven types of shiroroga. Shirashoola is also mentioned as synonym of shiroroga. Methods:Shuntyadi yoga is traditionally practised medicine which was used for treatment of shirashula. With the intention of forwarding the traditional knowledge and patient compliance the shuntyadi yoga was modified into balm form. The ingredients of shuntyadi yoga are shunti, haridra, maricha, lashuna and for the balm form additional ingredients like menthol, methyl salicylate, camphor was added. Ghanasara of drugs was prepared and used for preparation of vati and balm. Results:All the ingredients of formulation have reference of shulahara property so when they are formulated together because of synergetic effect their efficacy will be potentiated. Both formulations were administered for 15 patients each and the result was analysed. Conclusion:The results shown that both forms were effective in shoolahara property. Comparing the patient’s feedback, it can be concluded that balm formulation was beneficial considering organoleptic characters and patient compliance. So, shuntyadi yoga can be prepared in balm form which will continue the usage of traditional practice

Combining ability of parents and hybrids for juice yield and its attributing traits in sweet sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]

An investigation was carried out to assess the combining ability and nature of gene action in respect of juice yield and itsattributing traits in 72 new hybrids of sweet sorghum developed by crossing 4 male sterile lines with 18 testers in Line × Testermating design and grown in Randomized Block Design with two replications during kharif 2008. The variance among the linesin respect of their general combining ability was highly significant for days to 50 per cent flowering, nodes per plant and juiceyield, where as variance among testers was significant for juice yield. The variance due to line × tester interaction was significantfor all the characters indicating differential response of lines with different testers. SCA variance was relatively higher inmagnitude for all the traits indicating predominance of non-additive gene action in the genetic control of these traits. ICSA 38and ICSA 102 among the lines and ICSV 93046, E 36-1, ICSV 700, SEREDO and GD 65008 among the testers, were identifiedas good general combiners indicating their ability in transmitting additive genes in the desirable direction to their progenies.Highly significant sca effects were observed in most of the hybrids for all the characters studied and good specific combiners fordifferent characters involved parents with high × high, high × low, low × high and low × low general combination

Experimental study of Karaviradya taila for its Loma Shatana action

Introduction: Beauty enhances the self-confidence of an individual. Un-wanted hair which are present on the body causes cosmetic problems, especially in women. Objectives:  is to carryout experimental study of karaviradya taila on wistar albino rats and evaluation of histopathological changes. Materials and Methods: Experimental study was carried out on Wistar albino rats and prepared karaviradya taila was applied on the dorsum of individual rats of test drug group. Observations and Results: The observation showed there is reduction in the growth of hair on albino rats, histopathology section of experimental study showed loss of hair shaft in majority of the hair follicle, decrease in hair follicle noted in test drug group when compared to control group. Discussion and Conclusion: Reduction in the density of hair seen it may be due to the drug karavira having the properties like laghu ruksha and tikshna guna, ushna veerya, pitta vardhaka. Danti also possess ushna veerya and pitta vardhaka property. Drugs having pitta vardhaka property, when used may affect the loma kupa to cause lomashatana

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Not AvailableThis article provides some new construction methods of partially balanced bipartite block (PBBB) designs for comparing test treatments with more than one control. Partially balanced incomplete block (PBIB) designs based on some association schemes such as triangular association, Latin-square association, group divisible association, and cyclic association are used for developing these methods of construction. A catalog of efficient PBBB designs is included for parameter values v1 (number of test treatments) ≤10, v2 (number of control treatments) =2,b (number of blocks) ≤8,r1 (replications of test treatments) ≤10 and k (block size) ≤6 along with computed variances.Not Availabl

Oral mucosal lesions - A study of 369 cases

Background: Diagnosing and treating oral cavity lesions is a challenging task for most of the clinicians due to similar symptoms and clinical appearances. Frequently, histopathology and immunohistochemistry aid in making the diagnosis. Objectives: The objectives were to describe the clinical features, and histopathological features and systemic association in patients with oral mucosal lesions (OML). Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was undertaken at a tertiary care centre in patients with OML. A total of 369 cases with OML were included in the study. Results: Males constituted 61.78% of the cases. History of habits such as tobacco, gutka chewing, smoking, and alcohol was given by 32.25%, 29.81%, 26.56%, and 11.38% of cases, respectively. Common symptoms were soreness, burning sensation, oral pain and ulcers. Both oral and cutaneous involvement was seen in 17.89% of cases. Oral lichen planus (oral LP) constituted largest group of patients (21.96%) wherein reticulate type was the most frequent type and buccal mucosa was the commonest site. Oral carcinomas constituted 20.33% of cases followed by infective etiology (11.92%), vesiculobullous group of diseases (10.30%), aphthous stomatitis (8.94%), premalignant lesions (7.05%) such as leukoplakia (3.80%) and submucous fibrosis (2.44%). Histopathology was done in 209 cases. Clinico-histopathological correlation was seen in oral LP (90.27%), oral pemphigus (82.35%), and malignancies (98.66%). Conclusion: Oral LP formed the largest group of cases followed by Oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Several rare conditions, such as Melkersson–Rosenthal syndrome and blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome were also a part of the study. Thorough clinical and histopathological examination in this diverse group of diseases clinches the diagnosis

Pharmaceutico-Analytical study of Karaviradya taila

Introduction: Sneha kalpana (oleaginous preparations) is commonly prescribed Ayurvedic dosage form and it is the preparation of various kinds of medicated oils and ghee. Karaviradya taila is medicated oil preparation used externally in the form of abhyanga (massage) for lomashatana (depilation). Objectives: To prepare and carry out the physico-chemical analysis of karaviradya taila. Materials and Methods: Karaviradya taila was prepared by general method of taila kalpana i.e ¼:1:4 and analytical study like organoleptic characters and physico- chemical parameters were carried out based on the references available in the laboratory guide for the analysis of Ayurveda and Siddha formulation. Results and Discussion: The total oil obtained was 85% and the loss was 15%. Organoleptic characters of karaviradya taila showed translucent green viscous liquid with alkaline odor, Physico- chemical parameters like pH, specific gravity, viscosity, total suspended solids, and refractive index were tested. The increased Saponification value of karaviradya taila indicates the rate of absorption, low acid value of karaviradya taila indicates less chance of decomposition of taila. &nbsp;Evaporation of moisture contents in karaviradya taila leads to the decrease in rancidity factors. Peroxide value and iodine value of karaviradya taila indicates the primary oxidation. Conclusion: Karaviradya taila is a sneha kalpana mainly indicated for loma shatana (depilation). Local applications is beneficial because they are quickly absorbable, protect the skin and promotes percutaneous absorption of incorporated drug. The results of pharmaceutical and analytical study of karaviradya taila can be considered as the preliminary standards for the preparation of karaviradya taila. &nbsp; Keywords: &nbsp;Lomashatana, Karaviradyataila, Bahirparimarjana chikitsa, Sneha kalpana, Depilation, Hair Removal