AFMB-Net: DeepFake Detection Network Using Heart Rate Analysis

With advances in deepfake generating technology, it is getting increasingly difficult to detect deepfakes. Deepfakes can be used for many malpractices such as blackmail, politics, social media, etc. These can lead to widespread misinformation and can be harmful to an individual or an institution’s reputation. It has become important to be able to identify deepfakes effectively, while there exist many machine learning techniques to identify them, these methods are not able to cope up with the rapidly improving GAN technology which is used to generate deepfakes. Our project aims to identify deepfakes successfully using machine learning along with Heart Rate Analysis. The heart rate identified by our model is unique to each individual and cannot be spoofed or imitated by a GAN and is thus susceptible to improving GAN technology. To solve the deepfake detection problem we employ various machine learning models along with heart rate analysis to detect deepfakes

Toxicological Profiling of Onion-Peel-Derived Mesoporous Carbon Nanospheres Using In Vivo Drosophila melanogaster Model

Toxicological profiling of the novel carbon materials has become imperative, owing to their wide applicability and potential health risks on exposure. In the current study, the toxicity of mesoporous carbon nanospheres synthesized from waste onion peel was investigated using the genetic animal model Drosophila melanogaster. The survival assays at different doses of carbon nanoparticles suggested their non-toxic effect for exposure for 25 days. Developmental and behavioral defects were not observed. The biochemical and metabolic parameters, such as total antioxidant capacity (TAC), protein level, triglyceride level, and glucose, were not significantly altered. The neurological toxicity as analyzed using acetylcholinesterase activity was also not altered significantly. Survival, behavior, and biochemical assays suggested that oral feeding of mesoporous carbon nanoparticles for 25 days did not elicit any significant toxicity effect in Drosophila melanogaster. Thus, mesoporous carbon nanoparticles synthesized from waste onion peel can be used as beneficial drug carriers in different disease models

Acacia auriculiformis–derived bimodal porous nanocarbons via self-activation for high-performance supercapacitors

Carbon nanomaterials derived from Acacia auriculiformis pods as electrodes for the electrochemical double-layer capacitors were explored. Four pyrolysis temperatures were set (400, 600, 800, and 1,000°C) to understand the role of temperature in biomass pyrolysis via a possible “self-activation” mechanism for the synthesis of carbon materials. The carbon materials synthesized at 800°C (AAC800) were found to exhibit a well-organized hierarchical porous structure, quantified further from N2 adsorption/desorption isotherms with a maximum specific surface area of 736.6 m2/g. Micropores were found to be contributing toward enhancing the specific surface area. AAC800 exhibited a maximum specific capacitance of 176.7 F/g at 0.5 A/g in 6.0 M KOH electrolyte in a three-electrode setup. A symmetric supercapacitor was fabricated using AAC800 as an active material in an organic electrolyte composed of 1.0 M tetraethylammonium tetrafluoroborate (TEABF4) as a conducting salt in the acetonitrile (ACN) solvent. The self-discharge of the cell/device was analyzed from fitting two different mathematical models; the cell also exhibited a remarkable coulombic efficiency of 100% over 10,000 charge/discharge cycles, retaining ∼93% capacitance at 2.3 V

A Comparison of Dry Plasma and Wet Chemical Etching of GaSb Photodiodes

We report on the performance of GaSb pn junction photodiodes fabricated using electron cyclotron resonance plasma etching using Cl 2 /Ar recipe, a mixed gas recipe consisting of Cl 2 /BCl 3 /CH 4 /Ar/H 2 and wet chemical etching. Diodes fabricated using Cl 2 /BCl 3 /CH 4 /Ar/H 2 recipe show an order of magnitude lower leakage current density and lower ideality factor. The highest value of the zero bias dynamic resistance-area product was obtained for Cl 1 GaSb is an attractive choice as a substrate material because its lattice parameter matches various ternary and quaternary III-V compound semiconductors whose band gaps cover a wide spectral range from ϳ0.3 to 1.58 eV, i.e., 0.8-4.3 m. High quantum efficiency photodetectors, 2,3 photovoltaic cells, 4,5 and laser diodes with low threshold current A common choice of plasma chemistries for dry etching of GaSb-based structures consists of chlorine based precursors, such as SiCl 4 , BCl 3 , or Cl 2 because the volatilities of the gallium and antimony chlorides are generally very high. 8 Also, high-density plasma sources, such as electron cyclotron resonance ͑ECR͒, are preferred because of the increased density of low energy ions in the plasma. Pearton et al. 10 Dry etching of GaSb using methane/hydrogen (CH 4 /H 2 ) and ethane/hydrogen (C 2 H 6 /H 2 ) chemistry has also been reported. 12,13 C 2 H 6 -based plasmas show 50% higher etching rates as compared to the CH 4 -based plasmas. 13 Addition of a polymer forming gas such as CH 4 results in the formation of a polymeric thin film on the sidewalls, which minimizes the undercutting and provides passivation. 14,15 Although mixed chlorine and methane etches have been reported for various III-V compound semiconductors, systematic studies of antimonide are very few. 17 The effect of etching conditions on the device performance of GaSb and related materials has not been well addressed in the literature. In this paper, we have compared the performance of pn junction photodiodes fabricated using a Cl 2 /Ar recipe roughly based on the results reported by Pearton et al. 10,18 a mixed gas recipe consisting of Cl 2 /BCl 3 /CH 4 /Ar/H 2 , 17 and wet chemical etching using a NaK tartrate based recipe. Experimental The substrates used in this study were ͑100͒ n-type GaSb ͑Te doped͒ obtained from Galaxy Compound Semiconductor Inc. The carrier concentration was 5 ϫ 10 17 cm Ϫ3 . The substrates were degreased with hot xylene followed by acetone and methanol rinse ͑XAM cleaning͒. Then the samples were etched in hydrochloric acid ͑HCl͒ to remove the native oxide layer. Zinc ͑Zn͒ acts as p-type impurity in GaSb. Zn diffusion was carried out at 500°C for 5 h using the leaky box technique. 19 Solid Zn pellets were used as the source. The samples were next subjected to backside etching using a 2% solution of bromine in methanol for 30 s. Back side contacts were formed by electron beam ͑E-beam͒ evaporation of 200 Å of tin and 1000 Å of gold; followed by rapid thermal annealing ͑RTA͒ at 350°C for 5 s. The front side metal contact consisted of 400 Å titanium followed by 800 Å gold evaporated using E-beam. The final step in the fabrication process was the mesa etching. The front metal contacts were protected using a photoresist and the mesa areas were patterned. The photoresist was cured by baking at 110°C for 10 min. A Plasmatherm Electron Cyclotron Resonance 357 system with a loadlocked chamber was used for the dry etching of GaSb. One sample set was etched using Cl 2 /Ar plasma. The gases were in the ratio of 1:6 at a pressure of 1.5 mTorr. 100 W rf power and 300 W plasma power was used and the temperature was maintained at Ϫ30°C. The etch rate obtained with this process was 135 nm/min. A Cl 2 /BCl 3 /CH 4 /Ar/H 2 gas mixture in the ratio 2:1:2:6:12 was used to etch the second set of samples. A chamber pressure of 1.3 mTorr, rf power of 150 W, and plasma power of 400 W was used. The etching was carried out at room temperature. This recipe gave an etch rate of about 560 nm/min. The details of the surface morphology after etching are presented elsewhere

Perturbed nasal resonance – An insight into alterations in post adenoidectomy patients

Introduction Adenoidectomy with or without tonsillectomy is a common procedure performed by otolaryngologist in children. Most children between the ages 4 to 12 years have a relative hypertrophy of the lymphoid tissue in pharynx, including both tonsil and adenoid. This enlargement can cause obstructive symptoms of varying degree and several aspects of the speech spectrum such as resonance and articulation are reported to be negatively affected. Change in voice after surgery is often a cause of concern among patients and parents, more so among those who use their voices in a professional capacity. The purposes of the study were to assess the pre and post operatively changes in nasal resonance following adenoidectomy in children. Materials & Methods: The children between 4 to 12 years suffering from chronic adenoiditis, who underwent adenoidectomy at Father Muller Medical College Hospital, Mangalore from November 2015 to June 2016 were included in the study. The children were subjected to detailed ear, nose and throat examination, X- ray of nasopharynx, diagnostic nasal endoscopy and nasometry before adenoidectomy surgery and compared with 3 weeks after surgery. Results: A total of 60 patients were enrolled, out of these 21 were male and 39 were female. The maximum patients were seen in the 7 to 9 age group and majority of the patients were noted to have Grade III tonsils (46.60%) at the time of surgery. The mean preoperative nasalance score was 47.30 percent which decreased to 16.85 percent postoperatively, showed significance (p=0.000). Conclusion: Adenoidectomy can alter the acoustic characteristics of the vocal tract and causes alterations in the nasality.Therefore, surgeon can reassure patients, especially voice professionals

Voice analysis following turbinectomy in patients with hypertrophied inferior turbinate secondary to allergic and vasomotor rhinitis refractory to conservative treatment

Introduction: Alterations in the configuration of the nasal cavity made surgicallyvia procedures such as turbinectomy have been assumed to cause changes in the perceived nasal resonance of the patients post surgery which tends to manifest changes in the overall voice perception. These changes though perceivable are reported to be transient in nature and eventually fall in place as the post surgical duration increases. The purpose of this study was to probe the changes in nasal resonance that affect perceived voice quality following turbinectomy in patients with hypertrophied inferior turbinates secondary to allergic and vasomotor rhinitis, by checking serially obtained nasalance scores. Aim of the study: The aim of the study is to assess the pre and postoperative nasal resonance and thereby voice quality in patients with hypertrophied inferior turbinates following turbinectomy. Materials & Methods: The patients who underwent Turbinectomy, at FMMCH, Mangalore from March 2015 to October 2016 were included in the study. The diagnosis was made based on patient history, clinical examination and nasal endoscopy. The Nasalance was assessed using the Nasometer module of VAGHMI, voice and speech system, Bangalore.The nasalance scores were recorded before surgery and at intervals of 1st , 3rd and 5th month post surgery. Results: A total of 90 patients were enrolled, out of these 60 patients successfully completed follow up visits on a regular basis. The mean nasalance scores for nasal sounds [m] [ma] and [mi] showed significance before surgery and at the 1st and 3rd month post-surgery. Consequently, nasalance values returned within normal range at the 3rd month post operatively. While the mean nasalance scores for non nasal sounds [a] [i] and [u] returned to normal range at the 5th month post operatively. Conclusion: The presence of a hypertrophied inferior turbinate and the excision of the same can alter the overall perceived nasal resonance of an individual. Though transient, these changes cause significant change in the nasalence scores. A significant amount of hyponasality is perceived and recorded in the pre operative nasalence scores while hypernasality is perceived and recorded for a period of 3 months post surgery which eventually diminishes and normalizes by the 5th month post surgery. Therefore, surgeons can conveniently reassure patients of the transient nature of the pre and post voice and nasal alterations associated in these conditions. This information will be highly beneficial to patients who are professional voice user

Dermoscopic Features of Actinic Cheilitis and Other Common Inflammatory Cheilitis: A Multicentric Retrospective Observational Study by the International Dermoscopy Society

Background: Clinical differentiation between different cheilitis variants may be difficult. Application of mucoscopy, in addition to clinical background, could provide additional diagnostic clues facilitating initial patient management. Objectives: To determine mucoscopic clues differentiating actinic cheilitis from the main forms of inflammatory cheilitis, including eczematous cheilitis, discoid lupus erythematosus, and lichen planus of the lips. Methods: This was a retrospective, multicenter study being a part of an ongoing project "Mucoscopy - an upcoming tool for oral mucosal disorders" under the aegis of the International Dermoscopy Society. Cases included in the current study were collected via an online call published on the IDS website (www.dermoscopy-ids.org) between January 2019 and December 2020. Results: Whitish-red background was found in actinic cheilitis as well as in cheilitis due to discoid lupus erythematous and lichen planus. Polymorphous vessels were more likely to be seen in actinic cheilitis compared to other causes of cheilitis. White scales, ulceration, and blood spots predominated in actinic cheilitis and lichen planus, whereas yellowish scales typified eczematous and discoid lupus erythematous cheilitis. Radiating white lines although most common in lichen planus patients were also seen in actinic cheilitis. Conclusion: Despite differences in the frequency of mucoscopic structures, we have not found pathognomonic features allowing for differentiation between analyzed variants of cheilitis

Dermoscopy of Hair and Scalp Disorders (Trichoscopy) in Skin of Color—A Systematic Review by the International Dermoscopy Society “Imaging in Skin of Color” Task Force

Hair and scalp disorders are of significant interest for physicians dealing with dark phototypes due to their prevalence and potential aesthetic impact resulting from a higher tendency for scarring. In order to facilitate their non-invasive diagnosis, several dermoscopic studies have been published, yet data are sparse and no systematic analysis of the literature has been performed so far. This systematic literature review summarizes published data on trichoscopy of hair and scalp diseases (trichoscopic findings, used setting, pathological correlation, and level of evidence of studies). A total of 60 papers addressing 19 different disorders (eight non-cicatricial alopecias, nine cicatricial alopecias, and two hair shaft disorders) were assessed, for a total of 2636 instances. They included one cross-sectional analysis, 20 case-control studies, 25 case-series, and 14 single case-reports, so the level of evidence was V and IV in 65% and 33% of cases, respectively, with only one study showing a level of evidence of III. Notably, although there is a considerable body of literature on trichoscopy of hair/scalp diseases, our review underlined that potentially significant variables (e.g., disease stage or hair texture) are often not taken into account in published analyses, with possible biases on trichoscopic patterns, especially when it comes to hair shaft changes. Further analyses considering all such issues are therefore needed

Dermoscopy of Infectious Dermatoses (Infectiouscopy) in Skin of Color—A Systematic Review by the International Dermoscopy Society “Imaging in Skin of Color” Task Force

Dermoscopy has been showed to facilitate the non-invasive recognition of several infectious disorders (infectiouscopy) thanks to the detection of peculiar clues. Although most of the knowledge on this topic comes from studies involving light-skinned patients, there is growing evidence about its use also in dark phototypes. This systematic literature review summarizes published data on dermoscopy of parasitic, bacterial, viral and fungal dermatoses (dermoscopic findings, used setting, pathological correlation, and level of evidence of studies) and provides a homogeneous terminology of reported dermoscopic features according to a standardized methodology. A total of 66 papers addressing 41 different dermatoses (14 bacterial, 5 viral, 11 fungal infections, and 11 parasitoses/bites and stings) and involving a total of 1096 instances were included in the analysis. The majority of them displayed a level of evidence of V (44 single case reports and 21 case series), with only 1 study showing a level of evidence of IV (case-control analysis). Moreover, our analysis also highlighted a high variability in the terminology used in the retrieved studies. Thus, although promising, further studies designed according to a systematic and standardized approach are needed for better characterization of dermoscopy of infectious skin infections