Security Threats and Challenges for Wireless Sensor Network

A wireless sensor network is a network of a large number of independently working small sensing units which can communicate wirelessly. The basic plan of a Wireless sensor network (WSN) is to structural distribute self-determining devices using sensors to monitor physical or environmental conditions. Wireless communication technology performance different forms of security threats. WSN need effective security mechanisms because of these networks deployed in untended environments. Due to fixed limitations in wireless sensor networks, security is a crucial issue. The intent of this paper is to investigate the security-related threats and challenges in wireless sensor networks. The threats faced by this WSN are similar but not limited to those observed in a simple network of computers or Internet.We identify thesensorsecuritythreats, review proposed security mechanisms for wireless sensor networks

Analytical and Experimental Investigation of Flow Through a Turbine Vane Cascade .

Present day military aero-gas turbines demand higher stage loadings for turbines so as to meet the growing for higher thrust/power with fuel consumption. This calls for improved methods of blade element profiles. Details of a computer code developed for the design of blade elements for the prescribed distribution of surface velocity (Mach number) based on Stanitz's inverse methods are presented in this paper. Effects of boundary layer growth on the blade surface has also been incorporated in this code. Turbine vane was designed making use of this program and a four-bladed cascade was fabricated. It was tested in a blow down wind tunnel for different blowing pressures and stagger angles. Mach number distribution was determined from measured static pressure on the suction and pressure surfaces of the blade. Based on stream filament technique a computer code was developed to predict the characteristics of flow thorough a blade cascade. Results of this study show reasonable agreement between experimentally obtained Mach number distribution and the initially prescribed as well as analytically predicted Mach number distributions

Coverage Issues in Wireless Ad-Hoc Sensor Networks

Wireless Ad-Hoc sensor networks have a broad range of applications in the military,vigilance, environment monitoring, and healthcare fields. Coverage of the sensor networks describes how well an area is monitored. The coverage problem has been studied extensively, especially when combined with connectivity and well-organized. Coverage is a typical problem in the wireless sensor networks to fulfil issued sensing tasks. In general, sensing analysis represents how well an area is monitored by sensors. The quality of the sensor network can be reflected by levels of coverage and connectivity that it offers. The coverage issues have been studied extensively, especially when combined with connectivity and energy efficiency. Constructing a connected fully covered, and energy efficient sensor network is valuable for real world applications due to limited resources of sensor nodes. The survey recent contributions addressing energy efficient coverage problems in the context of static WASNs, networks in which sensor nodes do not move once they are deployed and present in some detail of the algorithms, assumptions, and results. A comprehensive comparison among these approaches is given from perspective of design objectives, assumptions, algorithm attributes and related results

Intra operative, post operative complications and visual outcome in cases of post uveitic cataracts.

INTRODUCTION: Cataract surgery in a patient with uveitis is more complex than senile cataract extraction, because it involves multiple considerations related to the cause of uveitis, prospects of visual rehabilitation, appropriate surgical timing, and technique, the type and material of intra ocular lens used. Establishing the diagnosis, thorough ocular examination, careful patient selection and meticulous control of perioperative inflammation are key elements to a successful visual outcome. AIM OF THE STUDY: 1. To assess intra operative and post operative complications encountered during surgery for uveitic cataract. 2. To assess the factors which affect the visual outcome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was done in Regional Institute of Ophthalmology and Government Ophthalmic Hospital, Egmore, Chennai from August 2005 to October 2007. The patients who attended the out patient and uvea clinic were included for the study. A total of 60 patients were taken up for the study. A detailed history and a complete ophthalmic examination was done. Inclusion criteria : 1. Patients with chronic uveitis and complicated cataract. 2. A quite eye (without inflammation) for atleast 3 months. Exclusion criteria : 1. Complicated cataract due to causes other than uveitis. 2. Patients with posterior segment pathology (by Bscan). RESULTS: The visual acuity after 6 wks ranged from 6/6 to 6/18 in 34 patients, 6/24 to 6/60 in 26 patients. The most common cause for decrease in vision was posterior capsular opacification. CONCLUSION: Cataract development is a very common occurrence in any form of anterior and intermediate uveitis, because of chronic intraocular inflammation, frequent relapses and long term use of corticosteroids. The reported incidence of cataract in uveitic patients is about 50% in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis and upto 75% in chronic anterior uveitis

Kinetics, isotherms and thermodynamic modelling of reactive blue 52 and reactive orange 107 dyes from aqueous solution using PANI-CoCl2 as adsorbent

904-913In this work decolourisation of organic dyes such as Reactive Blue 52 and Reactive Orange 107 from aqueous solution by PANI-CoCl2 composite have been studied. Polyaniline (PANI) is a viable conducting polymer because of its unique proton dopability, excellent redox recyclability, chemical stability, variable electrical conductivity, low cost and ease of synthesis. The morphology of PANI-CoCl2 composite have been characterized by scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. It is also shown that many factors affected the adsorption rate, such as adsorbent mass, contact time, variation of pH, agitation speed, dye concentration and temperature. The capacity of the adsorbent is tested using recyclability process. Adsorption of Reactive Blue 52 and Reactive Orange 107 by PANI-CoCl2 follows pseudo-second-order kinetics and the best-fit isotherm is the Langmuir model which is confirmed by using correlation coefficients in ANOVA technique. The thermodynamic parameters like changes in free energy, enthalpy and entropy have been also calculated

ISOLATION AND SCREENING OF ALKALI TOLERANT TRICHODERMA SPP AS BIOCONTROL AGENT FOR ALKALINE AGRICULTURAL SOIL

Objective: The main aim of the study was to screen twenty isolates of Trichoderma spp isolated from high alkaline agricultural soil and non agricultural soil and to test them invitro for their pH levels tolerance and biomass production. Methods: All the twenty Trichoderma spp isolates were assessed for growth and biomass yield at different alkaline pH 9, 10, 11 on nutrient medium PCA and PCB. The growth were measured in terms of mycelial weight (cell biomass) and sporulation. The most tolerant isolates were further studied for their biocontrol activity against phytopathogen isolated from same location. Results: Significant variations in the growth of the isolates were recorded with increasing pH. Different isolates of same species also varies in their growth and biomass yield at pH 7, 9, 10, and 11. The isolates were screened for highest growth at pH 11 in terms of biomass yield. 12 isolates showed prominent biomass yield at pH 10.0, but only 5 isolates were able to grow prominently at pH 11 Conclusion: The study concluded that Trichoderma spp isolated from alkali soil with a high pH of more than 11 was only able to grow under high pH range of 9, 10, 11 and also exhibited maximum antagnostic activity for the pathogens studied

EFFECTIVENESS OF CINNAMON TEA IN REDUCING WEIGHT AMONG LATE OBESE ADOLESCENCE

Objective: The objective of the study is to determine the effectiveness of cinnamon tea in reducing weight among late obese adolescent.Methods: Pre experimental research design was adopted to conduct the study with 30 samples who met the inclusion criteria. Cinnamon tea was given for the samples for 15 days and  theirweight and BMI was measured before as well as after the intervention. Data were analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics.Results:Out of 30 samples in pretest, 70% of them had overweight and 30% of them had class I obesity with the BMI mean value of 28.75 and2.72 standard deviation. In posttest 20% of them were normal weight, 66.67% of them were overweight and 13.33% of them were Class I obesity.The posttest BMI mean was 27.45 with 3.34 standard deviation. Paired t test revealed that Cinnamon tea was found to be effective in reducing weight at the level of *P<0.05.Conclusion:the findings of the present study revealed that the prescribed cinnamon tea resulted in an improvement reduction of weight. However, we need further studies with larger samples to investigate the effect of cinnamon in reducing the different factors like weight, BMI, hip waist circumference level in obese adolescents.Keywords: Obesity, Childhood obesity, Adolescent, Cinnamon, BMI, Weight, Cinnamon teaÂ

Solanum melongena leaf extract based zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesis using green chemistry concepts

Nanoparticles of zinc oxide (ZnO NPs) have been synthesised from naturally available Eggplant, Solanum melongena leaf extract. The methodology has been optimized to obtain ZnO NPs which as are characterized using UV-Visible, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and FT-Infra red (FTIR) tools to confirm their nano dimensions and chemical properties. The SPR band is obtained at 389 nm in UV-visible absorption spectrum confirmes the formation of ZnO NPs while the presence of -OH, -C-O, -CH2 and –COO groups at vibrational frequencies of 3500, 105, 3000 and 1640 cm-1, respectively are observed from FTIR. Further, the SEM images show regular flakes like structure, and the average distribution of the nanoparticle is found to be around 100 nm. The newly synthesised ZnO NPs using leaf extract of Solanum melongena show considerable activity against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. The ZnO NPs is proved to be more potent against Staphylococcus aureus than E. coli

Lessons from Innovative Institutions in the Marketing of Fish and Fishery Products in India §

Abstract This study has been conducted with the objective of understanding the process of innovative marketing models in the fisheries sector and to draw lessons from the success stories to upscale and replicate in a similar socio-politico-economic scenario in other parts of the country. It has been conducted to provide a better understanding of fish marketing by self-help groups (SHGs), producer associations, fisheries development corporations, fisherman cooperatives and private institutions in the southern states of India, namely Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh with the hypothesis that the institutional arrangements in the marketing of fish and fishery products reduce the transaction cost and improve the market access and its efficiency. The study has reported the primary activities of those institutions in the efficient fish marketing, such as inbound logistics, operations, outbound logistics, marketing and sales promotion and support activities like infrastructural facilities, technological backstopping, price information and procurement. Through these advantages, the fishermen have been found to achieve economies of scale, technological innovations, capacity development, linkage among activities, degree of vertical integration, timing of market entry, product differentiation, market access, credit access, etc. The study has suggested replication of such successful innovative institutions in marketing the fish and fishery products through appropriate policies and programmes. It has also suggested to promote institutions like SHGs, producer / fishermen associations, cooperatives, etc. and allow the entry of private agencies with appropriate regulatory mechanism to improve the efficiency of fish marketing in the country

MXene-Embedded Porous Carbon-Based Cu₂O Nanocomposites for Non-Enzymatic Glucose Sensors

This work explores the use of MXene-embedded porous carbon-based Cu2O nanocomposite (Cu2O/M/AC) as a sensing material for the electrochemical sensing of glucose. The composite was prepared using the coprecipitation method and further analyzed for its morphological and structural characteristics. The highly porous scaffold of activated (porous) carbon facilitated the incorporation of MXene and copper oxide inside the pores and also acted as a medium for charge transfer. In the Cu2O/ M/AC composite, MXene and Cu2O influence the sensingparameters, which were confirmed using electrochemical techniques such as cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and amperometric analysis. The prepared composite shows two sets of linear ranges for glucose with a limit of detection (LOD) of 1.96 μM. The linear range was found to be 0.004 to 13.3 mM and 15.3 to 28.4 mM, with sensitivity values of 430.3 and 240.5 μA mM−1 cm−2, respectively. These materials suggest that the prepared Cu2O/M/AC nanocomposite can be utilized as a sensing material for non-enzymatic glucose sensors