Contribución al desarrollo social a través de la extensión universitaria

La Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira (UTP), a través de la Vicerrectoría de Investigaciones Innovación y Extensión, busca promover la extensión universitaria como una estrategia que permite el intercambio, la aplicación y la integración del conocimiento científico, tecnológico, artístico y cultural; al igual que la vinculación con la realidad social, cultural, económica y productiva de la región y del país, al darle valor a las capacidades institucionales y al generar una articulación e integración entre la docencia y la investigación, la cual permita la identificación de problemáticas y la propuesta de alternativas de solución; además de las oportunidades en el sector externo para realizar intervenciones y alianzas que conduzcan a fortalecer y aportar al desarrollo económico, cultural y el bienestar de la comunidad en general. En este sentido, para el año 2018 se ofertó, a los miembros de la comunidad universitaria, la «Convocatoria interna para la financiación de proyectos de extensión social, cultural y artístico» cuya ejecución se realizaría en el año 2019 y cuyo objetivo era fomentar el desarrollo de proyectos de carácter social, cultural, artístico, los cuales permitieran la solución y transformación de problemáticas que involucraran o beneficiaran sectores de diferentes comunidades. En esta convocatoria fueron financiados catorce proyectos que involucran a diferentes estamentos de la sociedad civil en torno al planteamiento y a la discusión de problemáticas, conflictos y sus posibles soluciones, así como a la identificación de oportunidades de progresos tecnológicos, ambientales, educativos o de creación artística, los cuales involucren o beneficien sectores de diferentes comunidades

La Extensión Universitaria como una herramienta para la apropiación social del conocimiento

La Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira (UTP), a través de la Vicerrectoría de Investigaciones Innovación y Extensión, busca promover la extensión universitaria como una estrategia que permite el intercambio, la aplicación y la integración del conocimiento científico, tecnológico, artístico y cultural; al igual que la vinculación con la realidad social, cultural, económica y productiva de la región y del país, al darle valor a las capacidades institucionales y al generar una articulación e integración entre la docencia y la investigación, la cual permita la identificación de problemáticas y la propuesta de alternativas de solución; además de las oportunidades en el sector externo para realizar intervenciones y alianzas que conduzcan a fortalecer y aportar al desarrollo económico, cultural y el bienestar de la comunidad en general. En este sentido, para el año 2019 se ofertó, a los miembros de la comunidad universitaria, la «Convocatoria interna para la financiación de proyectos de extensión social, cultural y artístico» cuya ejecución se realizaría en el año 2020 y cuyo objetivo era fomentar el desarrollo de proyectos de carácter social, cultural, artístico, los cuales permitieran la solución y transformación de problemáticas que involucrarán o beneficiarán sectores de diferentes comunidadesApropiación social del conocimientoCONTENIDO Población beneficiada ...............................................................................................54 Conclusiones..............................................................................................................54 Fotografías..................................................................................................................55 Bibliografía .................................................................................................................58 Capítulo cuatro Generación de Apropiación Social del Conocimiento en Temas de Procesamiento, Bioconservación y Nutrición, a los Productores del Mercado Agroecológico de la Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira Alimentos para la Vida...................................................................................................................................63 Resumen .....................................................................................................................64 Abstract.......................................................................................................................65 Introducción...............................................................................................................65 Objetivos.....................................................................................................................66 Objetivo general.........................................................................................................66 Objetivos específicos.................................................................................................66 Metodología ..............................................................................................................67 Resultados...................................................................................................................68 Población beneficiada ...............................................................................................70 Conclusiones..............................................................................................................71 Bibliografía .................................................................................................................71 Fotografías..................................................................................................................74 Capítulo cinco Cursos de refuerzo basados en aprendizaje activo, social y cultural, para afrontar el contexto de la enseñanza en ingeniería desde una visión interdisciplinaria............................................................................................................79 Resumen .....................................................................................................................79 Abstract ......................................................................................................................80 Introducción...............................................................................................................81 Objetivos.....................................................................................................................84 Objetivo general.........................................................................................................84 Objetivos específicos.................................................................................................84 Metodología ...............................................................................................................85 Resultados...................................................................................................................88 Población beneficiada ...............................................................................................89 Conclusiones..............................................................................................................89 Bibliografía .................................................................................................................90 Capítulo seis Laboratorios andantes: Fotografía estenopeica como interfaz cultural de la memoria colectiva..........................................................................................................95 Resumen .....................................................................................................................95 Abstract ......................................................................................................................96 Introducción...............................................................................................................97 Objetivos.................................................................................................................. 101 Objetivo general...................................................................................................... 101 Objetivos específicos.............................................................................................. 101 Metodología ........................................................................................................... 101 Resultados................................................................................................................ 105 Conclusiones........................................................................................................... 108 Bibliografía .............................................................................................................. 109 Capítulo siete Divulgación académica y cultural de los productos turísticos y rol del arenero artesanal en el turismo de la Virginia, Risaralda.................................................. 113 Resumen .................................................................................................................. 113 Abstract ................................................................................................................... 114 Introducción............................................................................................................ 114 Objetivos.................................................................................................................. 116 Objetivo general...................................................................................................... 116 Objetivos específicos.............................................................................................. 116 Metodología ............................................................................................................ 117 Resultados................................................................................................................ 117 Población beneficiada ............................................................................................ 119 Conclusiones........................................................................................................... 120 Bibliografía .............................................................................................................. 120 Capítulo ocho Proyecto de actualización en cirugía general........................................................ 125 Resumen .................................................................................................................. 125 Abstract.................................................................................................................... 126 Introducción............................................................................................................ 127 Objetivos.................................................................................................................. 127 Objetivo general...................................................................................................... 127 Objetivos específicos.............................................................................................. 128 Metodología ............................................................................................................ 128 Resultados................................................................................................................ 128 Población beneficiada ............................................................................................ 140 Conclusiones........................................................................................................... 141 Bibliografía .............................................................................................................. 141 Capítulo nueve Implementación de metodologías de enseñanza/aprendizaje en niños de tercera infancia y adolescentes a través de conceptos y proyectos de la aeronáutica (Aerokid)....................................................................................................................... 145 Resumen .................................................................................................................. 145 Abstract.................................................................................................................... 146 Introducción............................................................................................................ 147 Objetivos.................................................................................................................. 148 Objetivo general...................................................................................................... 148 Objetivos específicos.............................................................................................. 148 Metodología ............................................................................................................ 148 Resultados................................................................................................................ 158 Población beneficiada ............................................................................................ 158 Conclusiones........................................................................................................... 158 Bibliografía .............................................................................................................. 159 Capítulo diez “Contagio: Cursos de Extensión de Educadores Noveles para Población Migrante”...................................................................................................................... 163 Resumen .................................................................................................................. 163 Abstract.................................................................................................................... 164 Introducción............................................................................................................ 165 Objetivos.................................................................................................................. 166 Objetivo general...................................................................................................... 166 Objetivos específicos.............................................................................................. 166 Metodología ............................................................................................................ 167 Población beneficiada ............................................................................................ 169 Evento de cierre, 19 de noviembre: Narrativas migratorias: experiencias de viaje............................................................................................... 170 Medios de difusión................................................................................................ .171 Datos sobre la inscripción de los cursillistas....................................................... 171 Sobre la migración.................................................................................................. 173 Conclusiones........................................................................................................... 173 Bibliografía .............................................................................................................. 177 Capítulo once Los mercados agroecológicos en Pereira, Dosquebradas y Santa Rosa: una expresión de dinámicas sociales y economías posibles....................................... 181 Resumen .................................................................................................................. 181 Abstract.................................................................................................................... 182 Introducción............................................................................................................ 183 Objetivos.................................................................................................................. 185 Objetivo general...................................................................................................... 185 Objetivos específicos.............................................................................................. 185 Metodología ............................................................................................................ 185 Resultados................................................................................................................ 187 Población beneficiada ............................................................................................ 196 Conclusiones........................................................................................................... 198 Bibliografía .............................................................................................................. 200 Capítulo doce Identificación e implementación de medidas integrales basadas en minería de datos para la disminución de la deserción al interior de la facultad de ingenierías de la Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira ......................................... 205 Resumen .................................................................................................................. 205 Abstract.................................................................................................................... 206 Introducción............................................................................................................ 206 Objetivos ................................................................................................................. 208 Objetivo general...................................................................................................... 208 Objetivos específicos.............................................................................................. 208 Metodología ............................................................................................................ 208 Resultados................................................................................................................ 209 Resultados preliminares......................................................................................... 225 Población beneficiada ........................................................................................... 226 Conclusiones........................................................................................................... 226 Bibliografía .............................................................................................................. 22

Weaning from mechanical ventilation in intensive care units across 50 countries (WEAN SAFE): a multicentre, prospective, observational cohort study

Background Current management practices and outcomes in weaning from invasive mechanical ventilation are poorly understood. We aimed to describe the epidemiology, management, timings, risk for failure, and outcomes of weaning in patients requiring at least 2 days of invasive mechanical ventilation. Methods WEAN SAFE was an international, multicentre, prospective, observational cohort study done in 481 intensive care units in 50 countries. Eligible participants were older than 16 years, admitted to a participating intensive care unit, and receiving mechanical ventilation for 2 calendar days or longer. We defined weaning initiation as the first attempt to separate a patient from the ventilator, successful weaning as no reintubation or death within 7 days of extubation, and weaning eligibility criteria based on positive end-expiratory pressure, fractional concentration of oxygen in inspired air, and vasopressors. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients successfully weaned at 90 days. Key secondary outcomes included weaning duration, timing of weaning events, factors associated with weaning delay and weaning failure, and hospital outcomes. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03255109. Findings Between Oct 4, 2017, and June 25, 2018, 10 232 patients were screened for eligibility, of whom 5869 were enrolled. 4523 (77·1%) patients underwent at least one separation attempt and 3817 (65·0%) patients were successfully weaned from ventilation at day 90. 237 (4·0%) patients were transferred before any separation attempt, 153 (2·6%) were transferred after at least one separation attempt and not successfully weaned, and 1662 (28·3%) died while invasively ventilated. The median time from fulfilling weaning eligibility criteria to first separation attempt was 1 day (IQR 0–4), and 1013 (22·4%) patients had a delay in initiating first separation of 5 or more days. Of the 4523 (77·1%) patients with separation attempts, 2927 (64·7%) had a short wean (≤1 day), 457 (10·1%) had intermediate weaning (2–6 days), 433 (9·6%) required prolonged weaning (≥7 days), and 706 (15·6%) had weaning failure. Higher sedation scores were independently associated with delayed initiation of weaning. Delayed initiation of weaning and higher sedation scores were independently associated with weaning failure. 1742 (31·8%) of 5479 patients died in the intensive care unit and 2095 (38·3%) of 5465 patients died in hospital. Interpretation In critically ill patients receiving at least 2 days of invasive mechanical ventilation, only 65% were weaned at 90 days. A better understanding of factors that delay the weaning process, such as delays in weaning initiation or excessive sedation levels, might improve weaning success rates

Weaning from mechanical ventilation in intensive care units across 50 countries (WEAN SAFE): a multicentre, prospective, observational cohort study

Background: Current management practices and outcomes in weaning from invasive mechanical ventilation are poorly understood. We aimed to describe the epidemiology, management, timings, risk for failure, and outcomes of weaning in patients requiring at least 2 days of invasive mechanical ventilation. Methods: WEAN SAFE was an international, multicentre, prospective, observational cohort study done in 481 intensive care units in 50 countries. Eligible participants were older than 16 years, admitted to a participating intensive care unit, and receiving mechanical ventilation for 2 calendar days or longer. We defined weaning initiation as the first attempt to separate a patient from the ventilator, successful weaning as no reintubation or death within 7 days of extubation, and weaning eligibility criteria based on positive end-expiratory pressure, fractional concentration of oxygen in inspired air, and vasopressors. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients successfully weaned at 90 days. Key secondary outcomes included weaning duration, timing of weaning events, factors associated with weaning delay and weaning failure, and hospital outcomes. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03255109. Findings: Between Oct 4, 2017, and June 25, 2018, 10 232 patients were screened for eligibility, of whom 5869 were enrolled. 4523 (77·1%) patients underwent at least one separation attempt and 3817 (65·0%) patients were successfully weaned from ventilation at day 90. 237 (4·0%) patients were transferred before any separation attempt, 153 (2·6%) were transferred after at least one separation attempt and not successfully weaned, and 1662 (28·3%) died while invasively ventilated. The median time from fulfilling weaning eligibility criteria to first separation attempt was 1 day (IQR 0-4), and 1013 (22·4%) patients had a delay in initiating first separation of 5 or more days. Of the 4523 (77·1%) patients with separation attempts, 2927 (64·7%) had a short wean (≤1 day), 457 (10·1%) had intermediate weaning (2-6 days), 433 (9·6%) required prolonged weaning (≥7 days), and 706 (15·6%) had weaning failure. Higher sedation scores were independently associated with delayed initiation of weaning. Delayed initiation of weaning and higher sedation scores were independently associated with weaning failure. 1742 (31·8%) of 5479 patients died in the intensive care unit and 2095 (38·3%) of 5465 patients died in hospital. Interpretation: In critically ill patients receiving at least 2 days of invasive mechanical ventilation, only 65% were weaned at 90 days. A better understanding of factors that delay the weaning process, such as delays in weaning initiation or excessive sedation levels, might improve weaning success rates. Funding: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine, European Respiratory Society

Risk of COVID-19 after natural infection or vaccinationResearch in context

Summary: Background: While vaccines have established utility against COVID-19, phase 3 efficacy studies have generally not comprehensively evaluated protection provided by previous infection or hybrid immunity (previous infection plus vaccination). Individual patient data from US government-supported harmonized vaccine trials provide an unprecedented sample population to address this issue. We characterized the protective efficacy of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection and hybrid immunity against COVID-19 early in the pandemic over three-to six-month follow-up and compared with vaccine-associated protection. Methods: In this post-hoc cross-protocol analysis of the Moderna, AstraZeneca, Janssen, and Novavax COVID-19 vaccine clinical trials, we allocated participants into four groups based on previous-infection status at enrolment and treatment: no previous infection/placebo; previous infection/placebo; no previous infection/vaccine; and previous infection/vaccine. The main outcome was RT-PCR-confirmed COVID-19 >7–15 days (per original protocols) after final study injection. We calculated crude and adjusted efficacy measures. Findings: Previous infection/placebo participants had a 92% decreased risk of future COVID-19 compared to no previous infection/placebo participants (overall hazard ratio [HR] ratio: 0.08; 95% CI: 0.05–0.13). Among single-dose Janssen participants, hybrid immunity conferred greater protection than vaccine alone (HR: 0.03; 95% CI: 0.01–0.10). Too few infections were observed to draw statistical inferences comparing hybrid immunity to vaccine alone for other trials. Vaccination, previous infection, and hybrid immunity all provided near-complete protection against severe disease. Interpretation: Previous infection, any hybrid immunity, and two-dose vaccination all provided substantial protection against symptomatic and severe COVID-19 through the early Delta period. Thus, as a surrogate for natural infection, vaccination remains the safest approach to protection. Funding: National Institutes of Health

Risk of COVID-19 after natural infection or vaccinationResearch in context

Background: While vaccines have established utility against COVID-19, phase 3 efficacy studies have generally not comprehensively evaluated protection provided by previous infection or hybrid immunity (previous infection plus vaccination). Individual patient data from US government-supported harmonized vaccine trials provide an unprecedented sample population to address this issue. We characterized the protective efficacy of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection and hybrid immunity against COVID-19 early in the pandemic over three-to six-month follow-up and compared with vaccine-associated protection. Methods: In this post-hoc cross-protocol analysis of the Moderna, AstraZeneca, Janssen, and Novavax COVID-19 vaccine clinical trials, we allocated participants into four groups based on previous-infection status at enrolment and treatment: no previous infection/placebo; previous infection/placebo; no previous infection/vaccine; and previous infection/vaccine. The main outcome was RT-PCR-confirmed COVID-19 >7–15 days (per original protocols) after final study injection. We calculated crude and adjusted efficacy measures. Findings: Previous infection/placebo participants had a 92% decreased risk of future COVID-19 compared to no previous infection/placebo participants (overall hazard ratio [HR] ratio: 0.08; 95% CI: 0.05–0.13). Among single-dose Janssen participants, hybrid immunity conferred greater protection than vaccine alone (HR: 0.03; 95% CI: 0.01–0.10). Too few infections were observed to draw statistical inferences comparing hybrid immunity to vaccine alone for other trials. Vaccination, previous infection, and hybrid immunity all provided near-complete protection against severe disease. Interpretation: Previous infection, any hybrid immunity, and two-dose vaccination all provided substantial protection against symptomatic and severe COVID-19 through the early Delta period. Thus, as a surrogate for natural infection, vaccination remains the safest approach to protection. Funding: National Institutes of Health