NEOTROPICAL XENARTHRANS: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics

Xenarthrans – anteaters, sloths, and armadillos – have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with 24 domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, ten anteaters, and six sloths. Our dataset includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data-paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the south of the USA, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to its austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records (n=5,941), and Cyclopes sp. has the fewest (n=240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus (n=11,588), and the least recorded for Calyptophractus retusus (n=33). With regards to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records (n=962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest (n=12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other datasets of Neotropical Series which will become available very soon (i.e. Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans dataset

Efeito da compactaçao subsuperficial do solo no desenvolvimento inicial e no estado nutricional de plantas de feijoeiro (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

0 objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência de camadas compactadas subsuperficiais em uma Terra Roxa Estruturada (TR) e um Latossolo Roxo (LR) no desenvolvimento da parte aérea e na quantidade de nutrientes do feijoeiro, em condiçoes de casa-de-vegetaçao. As plantas foram conduzidas até 45 dias após a germinaçao em colunas de PVC, contendo solo com uma camada compactada entre 17,5 e 21,0 cm de profundidade. 0 gradiente de densidade do solo de 0,20 kg dm-3 entre a camada superficial e a subsuperficial resultou em reduçao de 44 e 24% na macroporosidade e aumento de 32 e 13% na microporosidade e de 23 e 8% na capacidade de retençao de água, respectivamente para a TR e o LR. A presença de camada subsuperficial compactada nao afetou a produçao de massa da parte aérea, área foliar, massa de raizes e teor de nutrientes (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Fe, Zn, Mn e Cu) das plantas de feijao. A massa da parte aérea mostrou correlaçao positiva com os teores de macro e micronutrientes.$$bSumarios (por, eng)$$9porThe purpose of this research was to evaluate the influence of subsuperficial compacted layers, in a "Terra Roxa Estruturada" JR), an Alfisol, and in a "Latossolo Roxo" (LR), an Oxisol, in the development of the seedlings, roots and in the amount of nutrients of the bean plants, in greenhouse conditions. The plants grew for 45 days after germination in some PVC columns, with soil, containing a compacted layer between 17.5 and 21.0 cm depth. The gradient of soil density of 0.20 kg dim-3 between the superficial and the compacted layer resulted in a reduction of 44 and 24% in the macroporosity and, a increase of 32 and 13% in the microporosity and 23 and 8% in the water retention capacity, respectively, for TR and LR. The presence of subsuperficial compacted layer did not affect the production of seedling mass, leaf area, mass of roots, and amount of nutrients (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Fe, Zn, Mn e Cu) in the bean plants. The seedling mass showed positive correlation with the amount of macro and micronutrients

Avaliação da degradação de macrófitas aquáticas descartadas em ambiente protegido Assessment of the degradation of aquatic macrophytes discarded into a protected environment

Com o intuito de buscar informações sobre a degradação de macrófitas aquáticas descartadas em pilhas, após ações do controle mecânico, foi conduzido um experimento no Departamento de Recursos Naturais - Ciências Ambientais, UNESP, campus de Botucatu-SP. Para atender o objetivo proposto, foram montadas pilhas com volume de 2,25 m³, compostas, principalmente, por três espécies de macrófitas, retiradas do reservatório da UHE Americana/SP. Foram coletadas amostras na montagem das pilhas, aos 15, 30, 60 e 90 dias, para o acompanhamento da temperatura da pilha e do pH do material orgânico durante o processo, além de uma análise química do composto ao final dos 90 dias. Os tratamentos foram: T1 - somente plantas aquáticas e revolvimento da pilha a cada sete dias; T2 - somente plantas aquáticas e revolvimento a cada quatro dias; T3 - plantas aquáticas + permagel, com revolvimento a cada sete dias; e T4 - plantas aquáticas + permagel e revolvimento a cada quatro dias. Utilizou-se o delineamento estatístico inteiramente casualizado, sendo a análise estatística realizada para coleta aos 90 dias, empregando o programa SISVAR. Concluiu-se que os resultados de macro e micronutrientes, temperatura, umidade, pH, relação C/N e redução do volume das pilhas foram semelhantes aos observados quando se procedeu ao descarte em pilhas com volume de 4,5 m³ sobre o solo.<br>An experiment was carried out at the Department of Natural Resources - Environmental Science, UNESP, Botucatu-SP to evaluate the degradation of aquatic macrophytes discarded in stacks, after mechanical control measures. Stacks of 2.25 m³ volume were set up, composed of three species of macrophytes collected from the Americana UHE reservoir in Sao Paulo. Stack samples were collected at 15, 30, 60 and 90 days, for temperature monitoring and organic material pH assessment during the process, besides compound chemical analysis at day 90. The treatments were: T1-only aquatic plants with stack revolving every seven days; T2- only aquatic plants revolving every four days; T3- aquatic plants + permagel and revolving every seven days and T4aquatic plants + permagel and revolving every four days. The experiment was arranged in a randomized design, with statistical analysis for collection at day 90, using the SISVAR program. Results from the study on macro and micronutrients, temperature, moisture, pH, C/N relation and stack volume reduction were similar to those observed with discard was in stacks of 4.5 m³ volume