Behavioral changes across novelty habituation: Contextual modulation of self-grooming after a stress event

Grooming is a widespread behavior in the animal kingdom primarily geared towards the care of the body surface; nonetheless, other behavioral functions have been investigated and postulated. For example, rodents display high levels of grooming in contexts of potential threat, a fact usually interpreted as a sign of stress and anxiety. Conversely, new evidence suggests that during the process of habituation to novel and threatening contexts, particular sequences of grooming would act as a behavioral feedback facilitating emotional de-arousal. To test those opposing hypotheses about grooming interpretation, we assessed how testing contexts with different gradients of familiarity would affect exploratory activity and risk-assessment behaviors, and grooming subtypes of stressed and non-stressed rats. For that purpose, different groups of male Wistar rats were tested in one of the follow conditions: (1) in an unfamiliar open-field arena, (2) in a familiar open-field arena, (3) and in a home cage. Prior to the 20-minutes testing session, half of the animals within each testing condition were stressed by receiving three foot shocks of 1 mA 5 seconds apart. If grooming indicates stress and anxiety, it should increase at the beginning of tests, with stressed rats displaying even higher levels of grooming as compared with their non-stressed counterparts. However, if grooming facilitates emotional de-arousal, it should increase as exploration and risk-assessment decrease. In such scenario, unstressed animals tested in the familiar contexts should display the greater levels of grooming, in contrast to pre-stressed animals tested in unfamiliar contexts. Evidence will be presented about how the degree of novelty and threat associated with the testing context, may modulate defensive behaviors after an acute stress. Furthermore, the detailed analysis of the kinetic changes in grooming sequences will provide new insights into the understanding of grooming and its informative value in preclinical research. We propose that the richness of grooming interpretation lies in the careful analysis of its sub-components over time. Here, we will bring new evidence that support the hypothesis that long and complex sequences of grooming would facilitate emotional de-arousal, whereas short and head-directed sequences would be more related with ongoing stress states.UCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias de la Salud::Centro de Investigación en Neurociencias (CIN)UCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias Sociales::Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas (IIP)UCR::Vicerrectoría de Docencia::Salud::Facultad de Medicina::Escuela de MedicinaUCR::Vicerrectoría de Docencia::Ciencias Básicas::Facultad de Ciencias::Escuela de Biologí

Fundamentos para la mediación pedagógica promotora del desarrollo de la memoria de trabajo en la primera infancia

Seminario de graduación (licenciatura en educación especial con énfasis en educación de las personas con discapacidad múltiple)UCR::Vicerrectoría de Docencia::Ciencias Sociales::Facultad de Educación::Escuela de Orientación y Educación Especia

ENGIU: Encuentro Nacional de Grupos de Investigación de UNIMINUTO.

El desarrollo del prototipo para el sistema de detección de Mina Antipersona (MAP), inicia desde el semillero ADSSOF perteneciente al programa de Administración en Seguridad y Salud en el trabajo de la UNIMINUTO, se realiza a partir de un detector de metales que emite una señal audible, que el usuario puede interpretar como aviso de presencia de un objeto metálico, en este caso una MAP. La señal audible se interpreta como un dato, como ese dato no es perceptible a 5 metros de distancia, se implementa el transmisor de Frecuencia Modulada FM por la facilidad de modulación y la escogencia de frecuencia de transmisión de acuerdo con las normas y resolución del Ministerio de Comunicaciones; de manera que esta sea la plataforma base para enviar los datos obtenidos a una frecuencia establecida. La idea es que el ser humano no explore zonas peligrosas y buscar la forma de crear un sistema que permita eliminar ese riesgo, por otro lado, buscar la facilidad de uso de elementos ya disponibles en el mercado

Evaluation of a quality improvement intervention to reduce anastomotic leak following right colectomy (EAGLE): pragmatic, batched stepped-wedge, cluster-randomized trial in 64 countries

Background Anastomotic leak affects 8 per cent of patients after right colectomy with a 10-fold increased risk of postoperative death. The EAGLE study aimed to develop and test whether an international, standardized quality improvement intervention could reduce anastomotic leaks. Methods The internationally intended protocol, iteratively co-developed by a multistage Delphi process, comprised an online educational module introducing risk stratification, an intraoperative checklist, and harmonized surgical techniques. Clusters (hospital teams) were randomized to one of three arms with varied sequences of intervention/data collection by a derived stepped-wedge batch design (at least 18 hospital teams per batch). Patients were blinded to the study allocation. Low- and middle-income country enrolment was encouraged. The primary outcome (assessed by intention to treat) was anastomotic leak rate, and subgroup analyses by module completion (at least 80 per cent of surgeons, high engagement; less than 50 per cent, low engagement) were preplanned. Results A total 355 hospital teams registered, with 332 from 64 countries (39.2 per cent low and middle income) included in the final analysis. The online modules were completed by half of the surgeons (2143 of 4411). The primary analysis included 3039 of the 3268 patients recruited (206 patients had no anastomosis and 23 were lost to follow-up), with anastomotic leaks arising before and after the intervention in 10.1 and 9.6 per cent respectively (adjusted OR 0.87, 95 per cent c.i. 0.59 to 1.30; P = 0.498). The proportion of surgeons completing the educational modules was an influence: the leak rate decreased from 12.2 per cent (61 of 500) before intervention to 5.1 per cent (24 of 473) after intervention in high-engagement centres (adjusted OR 0.36, 0.20 to 0.64; P < 0.001), but this was not observed in low-engagement hospitals (8.3 per cent (59 of 714) and 13.8 per cent (61 of 443) respectively; adjusted OR 2.09, 1.31 to 3.31). Conclusion Completion of globally available digital training by engaged teams can alter anastomotic leak rates. Registration number: NCT04270721 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov)