In utero undernutrition in male mice programs liver lipid metabolism in the second-generation offspring involving altered lxra DNA methylation

SummaryObesity and type 2 diabetes have a heritable component that is not attributable to genetic factors. Instead, epigenetic mechanisms may play a role. We have developed a mouse model of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) by in utero malnutrition. IUGR mice developed obesity and glucose intolerance with aging. Strikingly, offspring of IUGR male mice also developed glucose intolerance. Here, we show that in utero malnutrition of F1 males influenced the expression of lipogenic genes in livers of F2 mice, partly due to altered expression of Lxra. In turn, Lxra expression is attributed to altered DNA methylation of its 5′ UTR region. We found the same epigenetic signature in the sperm of their progenitors, F1 males. Our data indicate that in utero malnutrition results in epigenetic modifications in germ cells (F1) that are subsequently transmitted and maintained in somatic cells of the F2, thereby influencing health and disease risk of the offspring

Estudio descriptivo sobre hábitos alimentarios en el desayuno y almuerzo de los preadolescentes de Viladecans (Barcelona)

La alimentación durante la infancia y preadolescencia tiene una gran trascendencia en la proyección de la calidad de vida del adulto. El desayuno es toda una comida, muy necesaria para el desarrollo físico e intelectual del niño, pero es la ingesta que más se omite. Tiene mucha más importancia de la que le damos. Esto nos llevo a plantearnos este estudio: Objetivo: Conocer los hábitos alimentarios en el desayuno y almuerzo en la preadolescencia. Diseño: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, transversal, y obtuvimos una muestra (n) de 270 escolares entre 9 y 13 años. Resultados: Pudimos observar que el 73% de los sujetos de nuestro estudio desayuna cada día, el 4,1% nunca desayuna. No desayunan nunca más las niñas (5,4%). El motivo de no desayunar es la falta de tiempo en un 48’2% y el de no almorzar es la falta de hambre en un 24,1%. En el desayuno los alimentos más frecuentados son la leche (82’2%) y el cacao (54’8%), y en el almuerzo los bocadillos (71’9%). Conclusiones: En la preadolescencia las niñas representan el grupo que menos desayuna cada día y más omisión del desayuno comete. Son pocos los niños que cumplen la tríada básica: leche, cereales, y fruta. Abstract Feeding during childhood and preadolescence has a great importance on the adult projection quality of life. Breakfast is all a food, very necessary for the physical and intellectual development of children, but it is the ingestion that is most omitted. It has much more importance of what we give him. Objectives: To know the nourishing habits in breakfast and lunch in the preadolescence. Design: An observational, descriptive study was chosen, with a study sample of 270 scholars aged between 9 and 13. Results: We could observe that 73% of the study participants have breakfast every day and 4,1% of them never have breakfast. Among these that never have breakfast, there are more girls (5’4%). The reason for not having breakfast is the lack of time (48.2%), and for not having lunch the lack of hunger (24.1%). The most frequent foods on breakfast are milk (82,2%) and cocoa (54,8%), and sandwiches on lunch. Conclusions: Girls represent the group that less have breakfast every day. There are few of them who follow the basic triad: milk, cereal, and fruit. Fecha del Trabajo: 22/06/2006 Palabra Clave: Desayuno. Almuerzo. Preadolescencia. Hábitos alimentarios Key Words: Lunch. Adolescent. Nutritious habit

Estudio descriptivo sobre hábitos alimentarios en el desayuno y almuerzo de los preadolescentes de Viladecans (Barcelona)

Feeding during childhood and preadolescence has a great importance on the adult projection quality of life. Breakfast is all a food, very necessary for the physical and intellectual development of children, but it is the ingestion that is most omitted. It has much more importance of what we give him. Objectives: To know the nourishing habits in breakfast and lunch in the preadolescence. Design: An observational, descriptive study was chosen, with a study sample of 270 scholars aged between 9 and 13. Results: We could observe that 73% of the study participants have breakfast every day and 4,1% of them never have breakfast. Among these that never have breakfast, there are more girls (5’4%). The reason for not having breakfast is the lack of time (48.2%), and for not having lunch the lack of hunger (24.1%). The most frequent foods on breakfast are milk (82,2%) and cocoa (54,8%), and sandwiches on lunch. Conclusions: Girls represent the group that less have breakfast every day. There are few of them who follow the basic triad: milk, cereal, and fruit.La alimentación durante la infancia y preadolescencia tiene una gran trascendencia en la proyección de la calidad de vida del adulto. El desayuno es toda una comida, muy necesaria para el desarrollo físico e intelectual del niño, pero es la ingesta que más se omite. Tiene mucha más importancia de la que le damos. Esto nos llevo a plantearnos este estudio: Objetivo: Conocer los hábitos alimentarios en el desayuno y almuerzo en la preadolescencia. Diseño: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, transversal, y obtuvimos una muestra (n) de 270 escolares entre 9 y 13 años. Resultados: Pudimos observar que el 73% de los sujetos de nuestro estudio desayuna cada día, el 4,1% nunca desayuna. No desayunan nunca más las niñas (5,4%). El motivo de no desayunar es la falta de tiempo en un 48’2% y el de no almorzar es la falta de hambre en un 24,1%. En el desayuno los alimentos más frecuentados son la leche (82’2%) y el cacao (54’8%), y en el almuerzo los bocadillos (71’9%). Conclusiones: En la preadolescencia las niñas representan el grupo que menos desayuna cada día y más omisión del desayuno comete. Son pocos los niños que cumplen la tríada básica: leche, cereales, y fruta

Increased Global DNA Hypomethylation in Distant Metastatic and Dedifferentiated Thyroid Cancer

Context: Global DNA hypomethylation is a major event for the development and progression of cancer, although the significance in thyroid cancer remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to investigate its role in thyroid cancer progression and its potential as a prognostic marker. Methods: Global hypomethylation of Alu repeats was used as a surrogate marker for DNA global hypomethylation, and was assessed using the Quantification of Unmethylated Alu technique. Mutations in BRAF and RAS were determined by Sanger sequencing. Results: Ninety primary thyroid tumors were included [28 low-risk differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC), 13 pediatric DTC, 33 distant metastatic DTC, 7 poorly differentiated thyroid cancer (PDTC), and 9 anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC)], as well as 24 distant metastases and 20 normal thyroid tissues. An increasing hypomethylation was found for distant metastatic DTC [median, 4.0; interquartile range (IQR), 3.1 to 6.2] and PDTC/ATC (median, 9.3; IQR, 7.0 to 12.1) as compared with normal thyroid tissue (median, 2.75; IQR, 2.30 to 3.15), whereas low-risk and pediatric DTC were not affected by hypomethylation. Alu hypomethylation was similar between distant metastases and matched primary tumors. Within distant metastatic DTC, Alu hypomethylation was increased in BRAF vs RAS mutated tumors. Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses showed that thyroid cancer-related and all-cause mortality were associated with tumor hypomethylation, but this association was lost after adjustment for thyroid cancer risk category. Conclusion: Distant metastatic DTC, PDTC, and ATC were increasingly affected by global Alu hypomethylation, suggesting that this epigenetic entity may be involved in thyroid cancer progression and dedifferentiation