95 research outputs found
Cosmic String Evolution in Higher Dimensions
We obtain the equations of motion for cosmic strings in extensions of the 3+1
FRW model with extra dimensions. From these we derive a generalisation of the
Velocity-dependent One-Scale (VOS) model for cosmic string network evolution
which we apply, first, to a higher-dimensional isotropic FRW model and,
second, to a 3+1 FRW model with static flat extra dimensions. In the former
case the string network does not achieve a scaling regime because of the
diminishing rate of string intersections (), but this can be avoided in
the latter case by considering compact, small extra dimensions, for which there
is a reduced but still appreciable string intercommuting probability. We note
that the velocity components lying in the three expanding dimensions are
Hubble-damped, whereas those in the static extra dimensions are only very
weakly damped. This leads to the pathological possibility, in principle, that
string motion in the three infinite dimensions can come to a halt preventing
the strings from intersecting, with the result that scaling is not achieved and
the strings irreversibly dominate the early universe. We note criteria by which
this can be avoided, notably if the spatial structure of the network becomes
essentially three-dimensional, as is expected for string networks produced in
brane inflation. Applying our model to a brane inflation setting, we find
scaling solutions in which the effective 3D string motion does not necessarily
stop, but it is slowed down because of the excitations trapped in the extra
dimensions. These effects are likely to influence cosmic string network
evolution for a long period after formation and we discuss their more general
implications.Comment: 23 pages, 8 figures. Minor updates and notational clarification
Non Intercommuting Configurations in the Collisions of Type-I Cosmic Strings
It is shown that for small relative angle and kinetic energy two type I
strings can form bound states upon collision instead of the more
familiar intercommuting configuration. The velocity below which this may happen
is estimated as function of the ratio of the coupling constants in the theory,
crossing angle and initial kinetic energy.Comment: 12 pages,REVTEX, Imperial/TP/93-94/3
Effects of Inflation on a Cosmic String Loop Population
We study the evolution of simple cosmic string loop solutions in an
inflationary universe. We show, for the particular case of circular loops, that
periodic solutions do exist in a de Sitter universe, below a critical loop
radius . On the other hand, larger loops freeze in comoving
coordinates, and we explicitly show that they can survive more -foldings of
inflation than point-like objects. We discuss the implications of these
findings for the survival of realistic cosmic string loops during inflation,
and for the general characteristics of post-inflationary cosmic string
networks. We also consider the analogous solutions for domain walls, in which
case the critical radius is .Comment: 5 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in Physical Review
Axion Cosmology Revisited
The misalignment mechanism for axion production depends on the
temperature-dependent axion mass. The latter has recently been determined
within the interacting instanton liquid model (IILM), and provides for the
first time a well-motivated axion mass for all temperatures. We reexamine the
constraints placed on the axion parameter space in the light of this new mass
function. We find an accurate and updated constraint f_a \le 2.8(\pm2)\times
10^{11}\units{GeV} or m_a \ge 21(\pm2) \units{\mu eV} from the misalignment
mechanism in the classic axion window (thermal scenario). However, this is
superseded by axion string radiation which leads to f_a \lesssim
3.2^{+4}_{-2} \times 10^{10} \units{GeV} or m_a \gtrsim 0.20 ^{+0.2}_{-0.1}
\units{meV}. In this analysis, we take care to precisely compute the effective
degrees of freedom and, to fill a gap in the literature, we present accurate
fitting formulas. We solve the evolution equations exactly, and find that
analytic results used to date generally underestimate the full numerical
solution by a factor 2-3. In the inflationary scenario, axions induce
isocurvature fluctuations and constrain the allowed inflationary scale .
Taking anharmonic effects into account, we show that these bounds are actually
weaker than previously computed. Considering the fine-tuning issue of the
misalignment angle in the whole of the anthropic window, we derive new bounds
which open up the inflationary window near . In particular,
we find that inflationary dark matter axions can have masses as high as
0.01--1\units{meV}, covering the whole thermal axion range, with values of
up to GeV. Quantum fluctuations during inflation exclude dominant
dark matter axions with masses above meV.Comment: 42 pages, 12 figures, version as accepted by Phys.Rev.
Unified model for vortex-string network evolution
We describe and numerically test the velocity-dependent one-scale (VOS)
string evolution model, a simple analytic approach describing a string network
with the averaged correlation length and velocity. We show that it accurately
reproduces the large-scale behaviour (in particular the scaling laws) of
numerical simulations of both Goto-Nambu and field theory string networks. We
explicitly demonstrate the relation between the high-energy physics approach
and the damped and non-relativistic limits which are relevant for condensed
matter physics. We also reproduce experimental results in this context and show
that the vortex-string density is significantly reduced by loop production, an
effect not included in the usual `coarse-grained' approach.Comment: 5 pages; v2: cosmetic changes, version to appear in PR
Spectrum of radiation from axion strings
In the wide variety of axion cosmologies in which axion strings form, their
radiative decay is the dominant mechanism for the production of axions,
imposing a tight constraint on the axion mass. Here, we focus on the mechanism
by which axions are produced in this scenario and, in particular, the key issue
of the axion spectrum emitted by an evolving network of strings.Comment: to be published in the proceedings of the 5th IFT Workshop on Axion
Cosmological Perturbations from Cosmic Strings
Some aspects of the theory of cosmological perturbations from cosmic strings
and other topological defects are outlined, with particular reference to a
simple example: a spatially flat CDM-dominated universe. The conserved
energy-momentum pseudo-tensor is introduced, and the equation for the density
perturbation derived from it. It is shown how the scaling hypothesis for defect
evolution results in a Harrison-Zel'dovich spectrum for wavelengths well inside
the horizon.Comment: LaTeX, 6pp. From Proceedings of `Trends in Astroparticle Physics',
Stockholm, Sweden 22-25 September 1994, edited by L. Bergstr\"om, P. Carlson,
P.O. Hulth and H. Snellman (to be published in Nucl.~Phys~B, Proceedings
Supplements Section
Analytic Results for the Gravitational Radiation from a Class of Cosmic String Loops
Cosmic string loops are defined by a pair of periodic functions and
, which trace out unit-length closed curves in three-dimensional
space. We consider a particular class of loops, for which lies along
a line and lies in the plane orthogonal to that line. For this class
of cosmic string loops one may give a simple analytic expression for the power
radiated in gravitational waves. We evaluate exactly in
closed form for several special cases: (1) a circle traversed
times; (2) a regular polygon with sides and interior vertex angle
; (3) an isosceles triangle with semi-angle .
We prove that case (1) with is the absolute minimum of within
our special class of loops, and identify all the stationary points of
in this class.Comment: 15 pages, RevTex 3.0, 7 figures available via anonymous ftp from
directory pub/pcasper at alpha1.csd.uwm.edu, WISC-MILW-94-TH-1
Gravitational Perturbations of Relativistic Membranes and Strings
We consider gravitationally induced perturbations of relativistic
Dirac--Goto--Nambu membranes and strings (or {\it p}-branes). The dynamics are
described by the first and second fundamental tensors, and related curvature
tensors in an {\it n}-dimensional spacetime. We show how equations of motion
can be derived for the perturbations within a general gauge and then discuss
how various simple gauge choices can be used to simplify the equations of
motion for specific applications. We also show how the same equations of motion
can be derived from an effective action by a variational principle. Finally, we
compare these equations of motion to those using more familiar notation for
brane dynamics, which involves the induced metric on the worldsheet. This work
sets up a general formalism for understanding the effects of backreaction on
brane dynamics and the background curvature.Comment: 11 Pages, Plain TEX, to appear Phys. Lett.
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