Antioxidant Purple Corn Protein Concentrate from Germinated Andean Purple Corn Seeds

Ecuador Andean purple corn (Zea mays L.) was subjected to a germination process at 15–40 °C for 24–168 incubation hours. Purple corn protein concentrates (PCPCs) were obtained by alkaline extraction at pH 8.0 and pH 10.0, followed by an isoelectric precipitation process at pH 4.0, pH 5.0 and pH 6.0. Proteins and phenolic content of PCPCs was calculated. PCPC antioxidant properties were determined by the ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) in vitro method and by the 2,2-azinobis, 3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid, (ABTS) in vitro method. Andean purple corn seeds were able to germinate under the germination conditions tested in this study. The higher percentage of germination was of 63.33% at 168 h/25 °C. The PCPCs protein profile was characterized for the presence of six bands with molecular weights of 14.50 kDa, 20.12 kDa, 25.18 kDa, 41.85 kDa, 59.59 kDa, and 65.87 kDa. Germinated PCPC presented a high TPC content with ranges of 605.71–1820.00 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g PCPC dry weight (DW), germinated PCPC/72 h/25 °C presented a higher value of 1820.00 mg GAE/g PCPC, DW. All germinated PCPCs samples assayed presented strong antioxidant activity when measured by the ABTS and FRAP methods. Germinated PCPC/144 h/35 °C presented high antioxidant activity by ABTS with 804.35 µmol Trolox equivalents (TE)/g PCPC DW and germinated PCPC/144 h/30 °C presented a high value by the FRAP method, 987.83 µmol TE/g PCPC DW

ISOLATION OF HEN EGG WHITE LYSOZYME BY CATION EXCHANGE CHROMATOGRAPHY, ANALYSIS OF ITS DIGESTIBILITY AND EVALUATION OF THE INHIBITION LIPID PEROXIDATION IN THE ZEBRAFISH MODEL

Objective: The aim of this study was to separate and identify lysozyme using cation exchange chromatography, evaluate the protein digestibility andanalyze the inhibition lipid peroxidation in the zebrafish model.Methods: Hen egg white lysozyme was isolate with cation exchange chromatography. Residual muramidase activity was evaluated with thespectrophotometric method. Isolate lysozyme (ILZ) and hydrolysates were analyzed with sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(SDS-PAGE) electrophoresis and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC).Results: To identify the protein, the sample was isolated with cationic exchange chromatography, sample was analyzed using RP-HPLC and SDS-PAGEconfirming that the fraction was hen lysozyme egg white. The enzymatic activity of the isolated protein was normal compared to the commerciallysozyme activity. Hydrolysates had no muramidase activity and were able to inhibit lipid peroxidation in zebrafish larvae.Conclusions: Cation exchange chromatography is a good method to ILZ from egg white. Hydrolysates of lysozyme were effective to inhibit lipidperoxidation in zebrafish model.Keywords: Lysozyme, Cation exchange chromatography, Enzymatic hydrolysis, Muramidase activity

ISOLATION OF PROTEINS FROM SACHA INCHI (PLUKENETIA VOLUBILIS L.) IN PRESENCE OF WATER AND SALT

Objective: The aim of this study was to obtain protein isolate from sacha inchi using alkaline pH at different pHs of precipitation with water and saltand to analyze protein isolate with electrophoresis.Methods: Sacha inchi protein isolates were obtained using isoelectric precipitation method at different pHs. Proteins were analyzed usingelectrophoresis native-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), one-dimensional, two-dimensional-sodium dodecyl sulfate-PAGE.Results: A yield of 20.88% of protein isolate of defatted sacha inchi flour at pH 4.0 with a 75.31% of protein was obtained. The yield of protein isolateusing water and salt was similar. Polypeptides profile is between 14 and 70 kDa.Conclusions: Sacha inchi seed is a good source of proteins. Globulins and albumins were identified in the sacha inchi protein isolate in the presenceof water and salt.Keywords: Albumins, Globulins, Proteins, Protein isolate, Sacha inchi

Liberación de péptidos multifuncionales durante la digestión gastrointestinal simulada de proteínas de quinua (Chenopodium quinua Willd) y amaranto (Amaranthus Caudatus)

Tesis Doctoral inédita leída en la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Física Aplicada. Fecha de lectura:19-12-2017Esta tesis tiene embargado el acceso al texto completo hasta el 19-06-201

GASTROINTESTINAL DIGESTION OF KAHAI PROTEIN CONCENTRATE (CARYODENDRON ORINOCENSE KARST)

Objective: The aim of this study was to obtain kahai protein concentrate from Caryodendron orinocense karst cultivated in the region Amazonia of Ecuador and characterizes its gastric and duodenal hydrolysates using the sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) electrophoresis method and the reversed-phase ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-UHPLC) method.Methods: Kahai seeds (C. orinocense karst) were utilized to obtain kahai protein concentrate at pH 5.0 using the isoelectric precipitation method and then subject to gastric hydrolysis with pepsin enzyme (2000 U/mg of protein) at pH 1.2, pH 2.0, and pH 3.2 at 37°C for 2 h with agitation in simulated gastric fluids and then to duodenal hydrolysis with pancreatin (mix enzymes) at pH 7.0 at 37°C for 3 h with agitation in simulated intestinal fluid. Gastric and duodenal hydrolysates from kahai were characterized using the SDS-PAGE electrophoresis method and the RP-UHPLC chromatography method.Results: Proteins obtained from kahai (C. orinocense karst) were hydrolyzed with pepsin, only one protein with molecular weight of 100 kDa presented resistance to hydrolysis with pepsin at all pHs assayed. All proteins from kahai protein concentrate were totally hydrolyzed with pancreatin in in vitro conditions.Conclusion: This study suggests that kahai protein concentrates have a high grade of digestibility in vitro when using the gastroduodenal model of digestion. Kahai protein can be a good source of alternative vegetal proteins to be consumed by animals and humans

ANALYSIS OF PROTEIN ISOLATE FROM QUINOA (CHENOPODIUM QUINOA WILLD)

ABSTRACTObjective: The aim of this study was to obtain protein isolate from quinoa using alkaline pH at different pHs of precipitation and to analyze proteinisolate with electrophoresis.Methods: Quinoa protein isolates were obtained using isoelectric precipitation method at different pHs. Proteins were analyzed using electrophoresisnative-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and sodium dodecyl sulfate - PAGE.Results: A yield of 6.29% of protein isolate of defatted quinoa at pH 4.0 was obtained. The content of protein isolate was higher than 64% in allpH assays. Globulins and albumins in protein isolate at different pHs were observed. One band near 130 kDa was found. A band with MW 60 kDacorresponding to 7S globulin was found. The bands, MW 33-36 kDa and MW 20-22 kDa, correspond to 11S globulin. Bands less to 15.4 kDa correspondto albumins.Conclusions: Quinoa is a good source of proteins. Globulins and albumins were identified in the quinoa protein isolate.Keywords: Quinoa, Globulins, Albumins, Polypeptides, Protein isolate

ANALYSIS OF SESAME PROTEINS ISOLATE (SESAMUM INDICUM L) WITH WATER AND SALT TREATMENT

Objective: The aim of this study was to obtain protein isolate from sesame using alkaline pH at different pHs of precipitation with water and salt andto analyze protein isolate with sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE).Methods: Sesame protein isolates were obtained using isoelectric precipitation method at different pHs using water and salt as solvents. Proteinswere analyzed using native-PAGE and SDS-PAGE.Results: A yield of 14,727% ± 0.3 of protein isolate of defatted sesame flour at pH 7.0 with a 47.4% ± 0.6 of protein was obtained. The yield of proteinisolate using water and salt was similar. Polypeptides profile is between 6.5 and 50 kDa.Conclusions: Sesame seed is a good source of proteins. Globulins and albumins were identified in the sesame protein isolate in the presence of waterand salt.Keywords: Sesame, Protein isolate, Proteins, Globulins and albumins

ANALYSIS OF PROTEIN CONCENTRATE FROM KAHAI (CARYODENDRON ORINOCENSE KARST) SEEDS CULTIVATED IN AMAZONIA OF ECUADOR

Objective: The aim of this study was to obtain Kahai protein concentrate from Caryodendron orinocense Karst cultivated in the Amazonic region of Ecuador, to characterize its proteins using the sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and native electrophoresis methods, and to determine its content of total polyphenols.Methods: Kahai seeds (C. orinocense Karst) were utilized to obtain Kahai protein concentrate at pH 3.0, pH 4.0, pH 5.0, and pH 6.0 using the isoelectric precipitation method. The proteins were characterized using the SDS-PAGE and native-PAGE electrophoresis methods. Total polyphenols were determined using the colorimetric assay method.Results: The best treatment to obtain Kahai protein concentrate was at pH 5.0 with a 21.91% yield using the cold extraction method. The best treatment was at pH 6.0 with a 11.07% yield using the heat extraction method. Kahai concentrates presented a complex profile of proteins with molecular weights between 14 and 97 kDa. It was possible to obtain at the same time polyphenols at pH 5.0 with a value of 1028.58 mg gallic acid equivalents/100 g protein of sample.Conclusion: This study suggests that Kahai protein concentrates possess a high content of proteins and polyphenols that can be used to elaborate functional foods

DIGESTIBILITY AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY IN VITRO OF SACHA INCHI (PLUKENETIA VOLUBILIS L.) PROTEINS

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the digestibility and anti-inflammatory activity in vitro of sacha inchi protein isolate.Methods: Proteins were analyzed using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Gastric digestibility was evaluated with pepsinat different pHs and at different relation enzyme/substrate. Anti-inflammatory activity in vitro of sacha inchi protein isolate was evaluated usingdenatured protein method with egg albumin.Results: A yield of 20.88% of protein isolate of defatted sacha inchi flour at pH 4.0 with a 93.1% of protein was obtained. 11S globulins were resistantto gastric and duodenal digestion. Sacha inchi protein isolate at pH 4.0 (1000 µg/ml) presents 78.13% of anti-inflammatory activity in vitro.Conclusions: Sacha inchi seed is a good source of proteins. 11S globulins are resistant to pepsin and pancreatin hydrolysis. Sacha inchi protein isolatehas high anti-inflammatory activity in vitro.Keywords: Sacha inchi, Gastric digestion, Duodenal digestion, Globulins and albumins

Braille system as a teaching learning process for adult people with visual disabilities who belong to asociación de personas no videntes de Cotopaxi (anovic) during the academic cycle april - august 2015

The present investigative work was developed in “ASOCIACIÓN DE PEROSNAS NO VIDENTES DE COTOPAXI (ANOVIC)”, located in Latacunga. The development of this research was done to promete the Braille System Use as tool so that Adult people can learn the English language and teachers can be able to teach this language through basic knowledge of Braille System using specific didactic materials….El presente trabajo investigativo fue desarrollado en la “ASOCIACIÓN DE PERSONAS NO VIDENTE DE COTOPAXO (ANOVIC)” ubicado en la ciudad de la Latacunga. El principal objetivo fue promover el uso del sistema Braille como una herramienta para que las personas adultas puedan aprender el Idioma Inglés y los docentes puedan aprenderlo para enseñar este idioma a través de conocimientos básicos sobre este sistema usando específicos materiales didácticos los mismos que fueron hechos usando material reciclado