Bacterial toxins and their application

Usporedo s evolucijom bakterija tekao je i razvoj njihovih toksina, koji im omogućuju određene prednosti u nekim ekološkim nišama ili za vrijeme parazitskog odnosa s domaćinom, za kojeg su toksini štetni prilikom infekcije. U ovom su radu predstavljene osnovne skupine bakterijskih toksina i njihovi predstavnici. Istaknut je i doprinos koji su neki od toksina dali u istraživanju staničnih puteva u eukariotskim stanicama te u medicinskim primjenama, a zasigurno će u budućnosti, s otkrivanjem novih bakterijskih vrsta, bakterijski toksini nastaviti značajno utjecati na modernu znanost.Along with the evolution of bacteria, their toxins have evolved to provide them with certain advantages in some of the ecological niches or during a parisitic relationship with the host, to which toxins are harmful in the course of infection. In this paper, basic types of bacterial toxins are presented, with representative examples. Also highlighted here is the contribution of some of them to the research of eukaryotic cellular pathways, as well as to medicinal applications, and together with the discovery of new bacterial species, bacterial toxins will most certainly continue to significantly affect modern science

Bacterial toxins and their application

Usporedo s evolucijom bakterija tekao je i razvoj njihovih toksina, koji im omogućuju određene prednosti u nekim ekološkim nišama ili za vrijeme parazitskog odnosa s domaćinom, za kojeg su toksini štetni prilikom infekcije. U ovom su radu predstavljene osnovne skupine bakterijskih toksina i njihovi predstavnici. Istaknut je i doprinos koji su neki od toksina dali u istraživanju staničnih puteva u eukariotskim stanicama te u medicinskim primjenama, a zasigurno će u budućnosti, s otkrivanjem novih bakterijskih vrsta, bakterijski toksini nastaviti značajno utjecati na modernu znanost.Along with the evolution of bacteria, their toxins have evolved to provide them with certain advantages in some of the ecological niches or during a parisitic relationship with the host, to which toxins are harmful in the course of infection. In this paper, basic types of bacterial toxins are presented, with representative examples. Also highlighted here is the contribution of some of them to the research of eukaryotic cellular pathways, as well as to medicinal applications, and together with the discovery of new bacterial species, bacterial toxins will most certainly continue to significantly affect modern science

Do kaosa i natrag - putovanje u nepredvidljivost

Prikaz istoimene knjige

Bacterial toxins and their application

Usporedo s evolucijom bakterija tekao je i razvoj njihovih toksina, koji im omogućuju određene prednosti u nekim ekološkim nišama ili za vrijeme parazitskog odnosa s domaćinom, za kojeg su toksini štetni prilikom infekcije. U ovom su radu predstavljene osnovne skupine bakterijskih toksina i njihovi predstavnici. Istaknut je i doprinos koji su neki od toksina dali u istraživanju staničnih puteva u eukariotskim stanicama te u medicinskim primjenama, a zasigurno će u budućnosti, s otkrivanjem novih bakterijskih vrsta, bakterijski toksini nastaviti značajno utjecati na modernu znanost.Along with the evolution of bacteria, their toxins have evolved to provide them with certain advantages in some of the ecological niches or during a parisitic relationship with the host, to which toxins are harmful in the course of infection. In this paper, basic types of bacterial toxins are presented, with representative examples. Also highlighted here is the contribution of some of them to the research of eukaryotic cellular pathways, as well as to medicinal applications, and together with the discovery of new bacterial species, bacterial toxins will most certainly continue to significantly affect modern science

Upoznajmo fraktale

Upoznavanje nekih fraktala i načina na koji se dobivaju

Fermatov posljednji teorem - novi pogled

Preikaz knjige Fermatov posljednji teorem

Isaac Newton ili biografija modernog viteza

Prikaz života Isaaca Newtona

Kocka li se Bog?

Prikaz istoimene knjige

Julijini skupovi i Mandelbrotov skup

Kao posljednju, najkompleksniju skupinu fraktala navest ćemo Julijine skupove i zapanjujuće očaravajući Mandelbrotov skup

LENGTH HETEROPLASMY IN THE PREDOMINATE MITOCHONDRIAL DNA HAPLOGROUPS IN THE CROATIAN POPULATION

Mitochondrial control region represents the most variable segment of the mitochondrial genome. The frequency and pattern of heteroplasmy has been described in several studies; however, none of the reports documented the Croatian population. In the present study, we screened the control region (1122 bp) of 95 individuals belonging to two predominant mitochondrial phylogenetic branches in the Croatian population, haplogroups H and U. Length heteroplasmy occurred in polycytosine (poly-C) tracts within three hypervariable segments of the control region with the following frequencies: HVSI - 26.3%, HVSII - 52.6% and HVSIII - 7.4%. Furthermore, the association between certain polymorphisms in HVSI and length heteroplasmy was investigated. Our results indicate that only polymorphisms located in the poly-C tract are associated with HVSI length heteroplasmy. The T to C transition at np 16189 is significantly associated with the occurrence of length heteroplasmy (p<0.0001). This effect was even stronger if the C insertion was present in the position 16193. The data support the hypothesis that an uninterrupted poly-C tract of more than eight cytosines leads to length heteroplasmy. Length heteroplasmy associated with the T to C substitution in np 16189 was predominantly found in haplogroup U