Histomorphological analysis of terminal and vellus hairs

CILJ ISTRAŽIVANJA: Ciljevi ovog istraživanja bili su utvrditi postoje li značajne razlike u broju dlaka po jedinici površine kože vlasišta i prednje trbušne stijenke, te postoje li značajne razlike histomorfometrijskih parametara (promjer dlaka, debljina folikula dlake i njihove međusobne udaljenosti) između terminalnih dlaka kože vlasišta i velus dlaka prednje trbušne stijenke. USTROJ STUDIJE: Uzorci kože analizirani su kvalitativno pomoću svjetlosnog mikroskopa i kvantitativno, histomorfometrijskom analizom parametara dobivenih mjerenjem računalnim programima. MATERIJAL I METODE: Istraživanje je provedeno na uzorcima kože vlasišta (5 uzoraka) i kože prednje trbušne stijenke (5 uzoraka). Preparati su histološki analizirani i fotografirani digitalnim fotoaparatom marke Olympus® C-5050, spojenim na mikroskop Olympus® BX-50. Histomorfometrijski parametri izmjereni su računalnim programom QuickPHOTO Pro, a podatci su obrađeni u statističkom programu Statistica Mann-Whitneyevim U testom. REZULTATI: Morfološkom analizom uzoraka uočena je razlika u građi terminalnih i velus dlaka i njihovom rasporedu u koži vlasišta, odnosno prednje trbušne stijenke. Histomorfometrijska analiza pokazala je da je gustoća dlaka bila statistički značajno veća, a međusobna udaljenost folikula statistički značajno manja u koži vlasišta nego u koži trbuha (p=0,008), što je u skladu s poznatim rezultatima. Iako je promjer velus dlaka i debljina folikula bio manji nego kod terminalnih dlaka ta razlika nije bila statistički značajna. ZAKLJUČAK: Postoje značajne razlike u gustoći dlaka i u međusobnoj udaljenosti folikula, između kože vlasišta i prednje trbušne stijenke.OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to determine whether there are significant differences regarding the number of hairs per unit area on the scalp skin and the front abdominal wall skin, and whether there are significant differences regarding the histomorphological parameters (hair diameter, thickness of the hair follicles and the distance between follicles) between terminal scalp hair and front abdominal wall vellus hair. STUDY DESIGN: The skin samples were qualitatively analyzed using a light microscope and quantitatively using a histomorphological analysis of the parameters measured with the help of computer programs. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was conducted on scalp skin samples (5 samples) and front abdominal wall skin samples (5 samples). The samples were histologically analyzed and photographed using an Olympus® C-5050 digital camera connected with the Olympus® BX-50 microscope. Histomorphometric parameters were measured using QuickPHOTO Pro computer program, and the data was analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS: The morphological analysis of the samples showed significant differences in the structure of terminal and vellus hair and their distribution on the scalp skin and on the front abdominal wall skin. Histomorphometric analysis showed that the hair density was significantly higher, and the distance between follicles significantly lower in the scalp skin when compared to the abdominal wall skin (p=0,008), which is in accordance with known results. Even though the diameter of vellus hairs and follicle thickness were smaller than of the terminal hairs, this difference was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: There are significant differences in the hair density and the distance between hair follicles on the scalp skin and the front abdominal wall skin

Risk factors for injuries in children of younger school age

CILJ ISTRAŽIVANJA. Utvrditi učestalost ozljeđivanja kod djece mlađe školske dobi, utvrditi epidemiološka obilježja nastalih ozljeda, istražiti potencijalne rizične čimbenike nastanka ozljeda. USTROJ STUDIJE. Presječno istraživanje. ISPITANICI I METODE. U istraživanje je bilo uključeno 379 roditelja djece mlađe školske dobi s područja Osječko-baranjske županije. Istraživanje je provedeno anonimnim anketnim upitnikom koji su ispitanici samostalno ispunjavali tijekom travnja i svibnja 2017. godine, a sastojao se od sociodemografskih pitanja, te pitanja o potencijalnim rizičnim čimbenicima za nastanak ozljeda kod njihovog djeteta. REZULTATI. Rezultati su pokazali da je 20,8% djece mlađe školske dobi doživjelo ozljedu, a 22,8% djece je zadobilo ozljede koje su obuhvaćale više dijelova tijela, te 31,7% djece doživjelo je ozljedu u školi, a 63,3% djece zadobilo je ozljedu uslijed fizičke aktivnosti. Istraživanje je pokazalo da djeca u četveročlanim obiteljima s dvoje ili troje djece imaju veći rizik za nastanak ozljede. Između ostalih sociodemografskih pokazatelja obitelji i učestalosti ozljeđivanja nije pronađena statistički značajna razlika. Nije utvrđena povezanost između navika spavanja i učestalosti ozljeda. ZAKLJUČAK. Ozljeđivanje djece mlađe školske dobi učestalo je u promatranoj populaciji. Definiranje rizičnih faktora predstavlja prevenciju u spriječavanju ozljeđivanja djece.OBJECTIVES: Determine the frequency of injury in younger school-age children, identify epidemiological features of injuries, investigate potential injury risk factors STUDY TYPE: Cross-sectional study METHODS AND PARTICIPANTS: The study included 379 parents of younger school-age children from the Osijek-Baranja County area. It was conducted through an anonymous survey questionnaire that the participants independently filled out during the months of April and May 2017. The survey consisted of questions dealing with sociodemographic issues and the potential risk factors for injury to their child. RESULTS: Results have shown that 20.8% of the younger school-age children have suffered an injury, 22.8% of the children suffered injuries involving multiple parts of the body, 31,7% experienced injuries in the school, and 63.3% had suffered an injury during physical activity.. The study has shown that children in families with two or three children have a greater risk of injury. No statistically significant difference was found among other socio-demographic indicators of the families of and frequency of injury. There was no correlation found between sleep habits (Sleep Behaviours) and the frequency of injuries. CONCLUSION: Injuries among younger school-age children are common in the observed population. Defining and educating on the risk factors that affect the occurrence of injuries is the key to preventing injuries in younger school-age children

RISK FACTORS AND INJURY CHARACTERISTICS AMONG YOUNGER SCHOOL CHILDREN

According to the World Health Organization data, millions of young people under the age of 18 die each year from injuries and the consequences of injuries. In developed countries, the mortality rate from child injury is considerably lower, but injuries are still the main cause of death, accounting for about 40% of total child mortality. As a consequence of the injury, disability, increased costs of treatment and rehabilitation, lost productivity and learning motivation arise. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of injury in younger school children and to investigate the risk factors of these injuries. This cross-sectional study was conducted in April and May 2017. The study subjects were parents and guardians of children who were pupils of the first four grades of elementary school. The specially designed questionnaire that contained questions about sociodemographic characteristics and epidemiology of injury was used as a research tool. There was a total of 379 study subjects, of whom 289 (76.3%) were women. The average age of all study subjects was 39 (26-60) years. There were 316 (83.6%) employed, 58 (15.3%) unemployed, and 5 (1.3%) retired subjects. In the city lived 222 (58.6%) study subjects, in suburban settlement 83 (21.9%) and in village 74 (19.5%). There was statistically significant connection between the number of family members and the frequency of injuries (p=0.029) and the number of children in the family and the frequency of injuries (p=0.041). Injuries in younger school children were frequent in the observed population. Defining risk factors has a major role in preventing child injury

Histomorphological analysis of terminal and vellus hairs

CILJ ISTRAŽIVANJA: Ciljevi ovog istraživanja bili su utvrditi postoje li značajne razlike u broju dlaka po jedinici površine kože vlasišta i prednje trbušne stijenke, te postoje li značajne razlike histomorfometrijskih parametara (promjer dlaka, debljina folikula dlake i njihove međusobne udaljenosti) između terminalnih dlaka kože vlasišta i velus dlaka prednje trbušne stijenke. USTROJ STUDIJE: Uzorci kože analizirani su kvalitativno pomoću svjetlosnog mikroskopa i kvantitativno, histomorfometrijskom analizom parametara dobivenih mjerenjem računalnim programima. MATERIJAL I METODE: Istraživanje je provedeno na uzorcima kože vlasišta (5 uzoraka) i kože prednje trbušne stijenke (5 uzoraka). Preparati su histološki analizirani i fotografirani digitalnim fotoaparatom marke Olympus® C-5050, spojenim na mikroskop Olympus® BX-50. Histomorfometrijski parametri izmjereni su računalnim programom QuickPHOTO Pro, a podatci su obrađeni u statističkom programu Statistica Mann-Whitneyevim U testom. REZULTATI: Morfološkom analizom uzoraka uočena je razlika u građi terminalnih i velus dlaka i njihovom rasporedu u koži vlasišta, odnosno prednje trbušne stijenke. Histomorfometrijska analiza pokazala je da je gustoća dlaka bila statistički značajno veća, a međusobna udaljenost folikula statistički značajno manja u koži vlasišta nego u koži trbuha (p=0,008), što je u skladu s poznatim rezultatima. Iako je promjer velus dlaka i debljina folikula bio manji nego kod terminalnih dlaka ta razlika nije bila statistički značajna. ZAKLJUČAK: Postoje značajne razlike u gustoći dlaka i u međusobnoj udaljenosti folikula, između kože vlasišta i prednje trbušne stijenke.OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to determine whether there are significant differences regarding the number of hairs per unit area on the scalp skin and the front abdominal wall skin, and whether there are significant differences regarding the histomorphological parameters (hair diameter, thickness of the hair follicles and the distance between follicles) between terminal scalp hair and front abdominal wall vellus hair. STUDY DESIGN: The skin samples were qualitatively analyzed using a light microscope and quantitatively using a histomorphological analysis of the parameters measured with the help of computer programs. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was conducted on scalp skin samples (5 samples) and front abdominal wall skin samples (5 samples). The samples were histologically analyzed and photographed using an Olympus® C-5050 digital camera connected with the Olympus® BX-50 microscope. Histomorphometric parameters were measured using QuickPHOTO Pro computer program, and the data was analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS: The morphological analysis of the samples showed significant differences in the structure of terminal and vellus hair and their distribution on the scalp skin and on the front abdominal wall skin. Histomorphometric analysis showed that the hair density was significantly higher, and the distance between follicles significantly lower in the scalp skin when compared to the abdominal wall skin (p=0,008), which is in accordance with known results. Even though the diameter of vellus hairs and follicle thickness were smaller than of the terminal hairs, this difference was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: There are significant differences in the hair density and the distance between hair follicles on the scalp skin and the front abdominal wall skin

Risk factors for injuries in children of younger school age

CILJ ISTRAŽIVANJA. Utvrditi učestalost ozljeđivanja kod djece mlađe školske dobi, utvrditi epidemiološka obilježja nastalih ozljeda, istražiti potencijalne rizične čimbenike nastanka ozljeda. USTROJ STUDIJE. Presječno istraživanje. ISPITANICI I METODE. U istraživanje je bilo uključeno 379 roditelja djece mlađe školske dobi s područja Osječko-baranjske županije. Istraživanje je provedeno anonimnim anketnim upitnikom koji su ispitanici samostalno ispunjavali tijekom travnja i svibnja 2017. godine, a sastojao se od sociodemografskih pitanja, te pitanja o potencijalnim rizičnim čimbenicima za nastanak ozljeda kod njihovog djeteta. REZULTATI. Rezultati su pokazali da je 20,8% djece mlađe školske dobi doživjelo ozljedu, a 22,8% djece je zadobilo ozljede koje su obuhvaćale više dijelova tijela, te 31,7% djece doživjelo je ozljedu u školi, a 63,3% djece zadobilo je ozljedu uslijed fizičke aktivnosti. Istraživanje je pokazalo da djeca u četveročlanim obiteljima s dvoje ili troje djece imaju veći rizik za nastanak ozljede. Između ostalih sociodemografskih pokazatelja obitelji i učestalosti ozljeđivanja nije pronađena statistički značajna razlika. Nije utvrđena povezanost između navika spavanja i učestalosti ozljeda. ZAKLJUČAK. Ozljeđivanje djece mlađe školske dobi učestalo je u promatranoj populaciji. Definiranje rizičnih faktora predstavlja prevenciju u spriječavanju ozljeđivanja djece.OBJECTIVES: Determine the frequency of injury in younger school-age children, identify epidemiological features of injuries, investigate potential injury risk factors STUDY TYPE: Cross-sectional study METHODS AND PARTICIPANTS: The study included 379 parents of younger school-age children from the Osijek-Baranja County area. It was conducted through an anonymous survey questionnaire that the participants independently filled out during the months of April and May 2017. The survey consisted of questions dealing with sociodemographic issues and the potential risk factors for injury to their child. RESULTS: Results have shown that 20.8% of the younger school-age children have suffered an injury, 22.8% of the children suffered injuries involving multiple parts of the body, 31,7% experienced injuries in the school, and 63.3% had suffered an injury during physical activity.. The study has shown that children in families with two or three children have a greater risk of injury. No statistically significant difference was found among other socio-demographic indicators of the families of and frequency of injury. There was no correlation found between sleep habits (Sleep Behaviours) and the frequency of injuries. CONCLUSION: Injuries among younger school-age children are common in the observed population. Defining and educating on the risk factors that affect the occurrence of injuries is the key to preventing injuries in younger school-age children