Annulation of Perimidines with 5-Alkynylpyrimidines en Route to 7-Formyl-1,3-Diazopyrenes

Unusual rearrangements were shown to accompany Brønsted acid-assisted peri-annulations of 1H-perimidines with 5-alkynylpyrimidines. These transformations take different routes depending on the nature of acetylene precursor, and lead to the formation of 7-formyl-1,3-diazopyrenes

Biodiversity of cryopegs in permafrost

Abstract This study describes the biodiversity of the indigenous microbial community in the sodium-chloride water brines (cryopegs) derived from ancient marine sediments and sandwiched within permafrost 100-120,000 years ago after the Arctic Ocean regression. Cryopegs remain liquid at the in situ temperature of À9 to À11°C and make up the only habitat on the Earth that is characterized by permanently subzero temperatures, high salinity, and the absence of external influence during geological time. From these cryopegs, anaerobic and aerobic, spore-less and spore-forming, halotolerant and halophilic, psychrophilic and psychrotrophic bacteria, mycelial fungi and yeast were isolated and their activity was detected below 0°C

The Effects of Perchlorates on the Permafrost Methanogens: Implication for Autotrophic Life on Mars

The terrestrial permafrost represents a range of possible cryogenic extraterrestrial ecosystems on Earth-like planets without obvious surface ice, such as Mars. The autotrophic and chemolithotrophic psychrotolerant methanogens are more likely than aerobes to function as a model for life forms that may exist in frozen subsurface environments on Mars, which has no free oxygen, inaccessible organic matter, and extremely low amounts of unfrozen water. Our research on the genesis of methane, its content and distribution in permafrost horizons of different ages and origin demonstrated the presence of methane in permanently frozen fine-grained sediments. Earlier, we isolated and described four strains of methanogenic archaea of Methanobacterium and Methanosarcina genera from samples of Pliocene and Holocene permafrost from Eastern Siberia. In this paper we study the effect of sodium and magnesium perchlorates on growth of permafrost and nonpermafrost methanogens, and present evidence that permafrost hydogenotrophic methanogens are more resistant to the chaotropic agent found in Martian soil. In this paper we study the effect of sodium and magnesium perchlorates on the growth of permafrost and nonpermafrost methanogens, and present evidence that permafrost hydogenotrophic methanogens are more resistant to the chaotropic agent found in Martian soil. Furthermore, as shown in the studies strain M2T M. arcticum, probably can use perchlorate anion as an electron acceptor in anaerobic methane oxidation. Earth’s subzero subsurface environments are the best approximation of environments on Mars, which is most likely to harbor methanogens; thus, a biochemical understanding of these pathways is expected to provide a basis for designing experiments to detect autotrophic methane-producing life forms on Mars

Draft genome sequence of Clostridium tagluense strain A121T, isolated from a permafrost core in the Canadian High Arctic

identifier:oai:t2r2.star.titech.ac.jp:5069293

The Study of the Relationship between the Formation of Organizational Loyalty and the Degree of Satisfaction with Work, Locus of Control among Employees in the Organization

The article presents an analysis of such concepts in foreign and domestic psychological and pedagogical studies as organizational loyalty (commitment); satisfaction with the work of employees of organizations; external and internal locus of control. The authors show in an empirical study the relationship between organizational loyalty and such individual characteristics of an employee as subjective satisfaction with work and locus of control. The reliability of the results was proved using mathematical methods of processing the obtained data: high internality in the field of achievements has a positive effect not only on the affective loyalty of employees but also on the current and normative organization commitment

Enterotype-Dependent Probiotic-Mediated Changes in the Male Rat Intestinal Microbiome In Vivo and In Vitro

Beneficial properties of lactic acid bacteria have been known long ago, but particular interest in probiotics has arisen in the last two decades due to the understanding of the important role of intestinal microflora in human life. Thus, the ability of probiotics to support healthy homeostasis of gut microbiomes has received particular attention. Here, we evaluated the effect of a probiotic consisting of Bifidobacterium longum and Lacticaseibacillus paracasei on the gut microbiome of male rats, assessed their persistence in the fecal biota, and compared probiotic-mediated changes in vitro and in vivo. As expected, microbiomes of two enterotypes were identified in the feces of 21 animals, and it turned out that even a single dose of the probiotic altered the microbial composition. Upon repeated administration, the E1 biota temporarily acquired properties of the E2 type. Being highly sensitive to the intervention of probiotic bacteria at the phylum and genus levels, the fecal microbiomes retained the identity of their enterotypes when transferred to a medium optimized for gut bacteria. For the E2 biota, even similarities between probiotic-mediated reactions in vitro and in vivo were detected. Therefore, fecal-derived microbial communities are proposed as model consortia to optimize the response of resident bacteria to various agents

Proposed minimal standards for description of methanogenic archaea

Methanogenic archaea are a diverse, polyphyletic group of strictly anaerobic prokaryotes capable of producing methane as their primary metabolic product. It has been over three decades since minimal standards for their taxonomic description have been proposed. In light of advancements in technology and amendments in systematic microbiology, revision of the older criteria for taxonomic description is essential. Most of the previously recommended minimum standards regarding phenotypic characterization of pure cultures are maintained. Electron microscopy and chemotaxonomic methods like whole-cell protein and lipid analysis are desirable but not required. Because of advancements in DNA sequencing technologies, obtaining a complete or draft whole genome sequence for type strains and its deposition in a public database are now mandatory. Genomic data should be used for rigorous comparison to close relatives using overall genome related indices such as average nucleotide identity and digital DNA–DNA hybridization. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene is also required and can be supplemented by phylogenies of the mcrA gene and phylogenomic analysis using multiple conserved, single-copy marker genes. Additionally, it is now established that culture purity is not essential for studying prokaryotes, and description of Candidatus methanogenic taxa using single-cell or metagenomics along with other appropriate criteria is a viable alternative. The revisions to the minimal criteria proposed here by the members of the Subcommittee on the Taxonomy of Methanogenic Archaea of the International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes should allow for rigorous yet practical taxonomic description of these important and diverse microbes

Lacticaseibacillus paracasei: Occurrence in the Human Gut Microbiota and K-Mer-Based Assessment of Intraspecies Diversity

Alignment-free approaches employing short k-mers as barcodes for individual genomes have created a new strategy for taxonomic analysis and paved a way for high-resolution phylogeny. Here, we introduce this strategy for the Lacticaseibacillus paracasei species as a taxon requiring barcoding support for precise systematics. Using this approach for phylotyping of L. paracasei VKM B-1144 at the genus level, we identified four L. paracasei phylogroups and found that L. casei 12A belongs to one of them, rather than to the L. casei clade. Therefore, we propose to change the specification of this strain. At the genus level we found only one relative of L. paracasei VKM B-1144 among 221 genomes, complete or available in contigs, and showed that the coding potential of the genome of this “rare” strain allows its consideration as a potential probiotic component. Four sets of published metagenomes were used to assess the dependence of L. paracasei presence in the human gut microbiome on chronic diseases, dietary changes and antibiotic treatment. Only antibiotics significantly affected their presence, and strain-specific barcoding allowed the identification of the main scenarios of the adaptive response. Thus, suggesting bacteria of this species for compensatory therapy, we also propose strain-specific barcoding for selecting optimal strains for target microbiomes