Search for gravitational waves associated with gamma-ray bursts detected by Fermi and Swift during the LIGO–Virgo run O3b

We search for gravitational-wave signals associated with gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) detected by the Fermi and Swift satellites during the second half of the third observing run of Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo (2019 November 1 15:00 UTC–2020 March 27 17:00 UTC). We conduct two independent searches: a generic gravitational-wave transients search to analyze 86 GRBs and an analysis to target binary mergers with at least one neutron star as short GRB progenitors for 17 events. We find no significant evidence for gravitational-wave signals associated with any of these GRBs. A weighted binomial test of the combined results finds no evidence for subthreshold gravitational-wave signals associated with this GRB ensemble either. We use several source types and signal morphologies during the searches, resulting in lower bounds on the estimated distance to each GRB. Finally, we constrain the population of low-luminosity short GRBs using results from the first to the third observing runs of Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo. The resulting population is in accordance with the local binary neutron star merger rate

Innate immunity to malaria.

Malaria is a major cause of disease and death in tropical countries. A safe and effective vaccine is essential to achieve significant and sustained reductions in malaria-related morbidity and mortality. Driven by this need, research on the immunology of malaria has tended to focus on adaptive immunity. The potential for innate immune mechanisms to provide rapid protection against malaria has been largely neglected. On the basis of data from animal models, and clinical and epidemiological studies, this review considers the potential for innate immune mechanisms directed against Plasmodium parasites both to contribute to protection from malaria and to modulate adaptive immune responses

Supramolecular Chemistry of Carbon Nanotubes

International audienceThis chapter aims to present recent examples of supramolecular functionalization of carbon nanotubes. The non-covalent functionalization appears as a solution for the future applications in nanotechnologies since it allows the functionalization and manipulation of nanotubes without the introduction of sp 3 defects in the π-conjugated system. Thus, the optical and electronic properties of the nanotubes remain preserved. In the first part of this chapter, we present the use of surfactant for the dispersion of nanotubes and its application for sorting. Then we report several examples of functionalization of nanotubes based on π-stacking interactions with pyrene derivatives. Finally, in the last part we review the wrapping of photo/electroactive polymers around the nanotube sidewalls. We put a particular focus on polyflurorene-based polymers and we show their utilization for the separation of nanotubes in diameter and chirality