Early functional outcome of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries managed by arthroscopic four strand hamstring autograft: A Prospective study

INTRODUCTION: ACL reconstruction is one of the most common procedures being performed with an estimated 100,000 surgical reconstructions performed annually in United States. During the last 25 years, ACL has been one of the most studied structures in the musculoskeletal system. In recent times awareness of the ACL injuries are far reaching and people of all walks of life seek treatment for ACL deficiency. Indeed, most of our patients are from in and around Chennai with awareness and willingness towards ACL Reconstruction. In our prospective study of 20 cases we have undertaken ACL Reconstruction with the four strand HAMSTRING graft through arthroscopy and assessed its functional outcome using Lysholm knee score4 & IKDC subjective knee evaluation score. AIM OF THE STUDY: The aim of this study is to assess, “The early functional outcome of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries managed by Arthroscopic Four Strand Hamstring Autograft” at Government Royapettah Hospital & Kilpauk Medical College, Chennai from November 2008 to August 2010. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospective study is an analysis of 20 cases of anterior cruciate ligament injuries treated arthroscopically with anatomic endoscopic four strand hamstring autograft at the Department of Orthopedic surgery, Government Royapettah Hospital and Kilpauk Medical College, Chennai from November 2008 to October 2009 with a minimum follow up of 4 months and a maximal follow up of 22 months. In our study of 20 patients, 19 were males and one was a female. RESULTS: The outcome of our study was assessed using the Lysholm knee scoring system and IKDC subjective knee evaluation score at the end of final follow up. Lysholm Scale - 10 cases had excellent results(Lysholm scores-94,94,95,95,95,95,99,100,100,100), 5 cases had good results(Lysholm scores-86,89,90,90,90), 3 cases had fair results(Lysholm scores-71,73,79), 2 cases had poor results(Lysholm scores-59,63). IKDC Subjective Knee Evaluation ScorE - Mean score = 88.77 and Range from 74.7 to 98.9 CONCLUSION: ACL reconstruction by using four strand hamstring tendon autograft is highly successful in providing a stable knee with very few complications when proper graft, harvest preparation and anatomical tunnel placement is achieved. Endobutton did not seem to have any superiority of results when compared with the usage of a standard titanium RCI screw. Compaction drilling method when compared to extraction drilling is more advantageous

Au9+ swift heavy ion irradiation of Zn[CS(NH2)2]3SO4 crystal: Crystalline perfection and optical properties

The single crystal of tris(thiourea)zinc sulphate (Zn[CS(NH2)2]3SO4) was irradiated by 150 MeV Au9+ swift heavy ions and analyzed in comparison with pure crystal for crystalline perfection and optical properties. The Fourier transform infrared and x-ray powder diffraction inferred that swift ions lead the disordering and breaking of molecular bonds in lattice without formation of new structural phases. High resolution X-ray diffraction (HRXRD) revealed the abundance of point defects, and formation of mosaics and low angle grain boundaries in the irradiated region of crystal. The swift ion irradiation found to affect the lattice vibrational modes and functional groups significantly. The defects induced by heavy ions act as the color centers and resulted in enhance of photoluminescence emission intensity. The optical transparency and band gap found to be decreased.Comment: 7 page

IL-12 and Related Cytokines: Function and Regulatory Implications in Candida albicans Infection

IL-12 is a cytokine with links to both innate and adaptive immunity systems. In mice, its deletion leads to acute susceptibility to oral infection with the yeast Candida albicans, whereas such mice are resistant to systemic disease. However, it is an essential component of the adaptive response that leads to the generation of Th1-type cytokine responses and protection against disseminated disease. This paper presents an overview of the role of IL-12 in models of systemic and mucosal infection and the possible relationships between them

Semantic segmentation of conjunctiva region for non-invasive anemia detection applications

Technology is changing the future of healthcare, technology-supported non-invasive medical procedures are more preferable in the medical diagnosis. Anemia is one of the widespread diseases affecting the wellbeing of individuals around the world especially childbearing age women and children and addressing this issue with the advanced technology will reduce the prevalence in large numbers. The objective of this work is to perform segmentation of the conjunctiva region for non-invasive anemia detection applications using deep learning. The proposed U-Net Based Conjunctiva Segmentation Model (UNBCSM) uses fine-tuned U-Net architecture for effective semantic segmentation of conjunctiva from the digital eye images captured by consumer-grade cameras in an uncontrolled environment. The ground truth for this supervised learning was given as Pascal masks obtained by manual selection of conjunctiva pixels. Image augmentation and pre-processing was performed to increase the data size and the performance of the model. UNBCSM showed good segmentation results and exhibited a comparable value of Intersection over Union (IoU) score between the ground truth and the segmented mask of 96% and 85.7% for training and validation, respectively

Structural transformations in protein crystals caused by controlled dehydration

Recent experiments in this laboratory on structural transformations caused by controlled dehydration of protein crystals have been reviewed. X-ray diffraction patterns of the following crystals have been examined under varying conditions of environmental humidity in the relative humidity range of 100-75%: a new crystal form of bovine pancreatic ribonuclease A grown from acetone solution in tris buffer (I), the well-known monoclinic form of the protein grown from aqueous ethanol (II), the same form grown from a solution of 2-methyl pentan-2,4-diol in phosphate buffer (III), tetragonal (IV), orthorhombic (V), monoclinic (VI) and triclinic (VII) hen egg white lysozyme, porcine 2 Zn insulin (VIII), porcine 4 Zn insulin (IX) and the crystals of concanavalin A(X). I, II, IV, V and VI undergo one or more transformations as evidenced by discontinuous changes in the unit cell dimensions, the diffraction pattern and the solvent content. Such water-mediated transformations do not appear to occur in the remaining crystals in the relative humidity range explored. The relative humidity at which the transformation occurs is reduced when 2-methyl pentan-2,4-diol is present in the mother liquor. The transformations are affected by the crystal structure but not by the amount of solvent in the crystals. The X-ray investigations reviewed here and other related investigations emphasize the probable importance of water-mediated transformations in exploring hydration of proteins and conformational transitions in them

X-ray studies on crystalline complexes involving amino acids and peptides. XVII. Chirality and molecular aggregation: the crystal structures of DL-arginine DL-glutamate monohydrate and DL-arginine DL-aspartate

DL-Arginine DL-glutamate monohydrate and DL-arginine DL-aspartate, the first DL-DL amino acid-amino acid complexes to be prepared and x-ray analyzed, crystallize in the space group P1 with a = 5.139(2), b = 10.620(1), c = 14.473(2) Å, α = 101.34(1)°, β = 94.08(2)°, γ = 91.38(2)° and a = 5.402(3), b = 9.933(3), c = 13.881(2) Å, α = 99.24(2)°, β = 99.73(3)°, γ = 97.28(3)° , respectively. The structures were solved using counter data and refined to R values of 0.050 and 0.077 for 1827 and 1739 observed reflections, respectively. The basic element of aggregation in both structures is an infinite chain made up of pairs of molecules. Each pair, consisting of a L- and a D-isomer, is stabilized by two centrosymmetrically or nearly centrosymmetrically related hydrogen bonds involving the α-amino and the α-carboxylate groups. Adjacent pairs in the chain are then connected by specific guanidyl-carboxylate interactions. The infinite chains are interconnected through hydrogen bonds to form molecular sheets. The sheets are then stacked along the shortest cell translation. The interactions between sheets involve two head-to-tail sequences in the glutamate complex and one such sequence in the aspartate complex. However, unlike in the corresponding LL and DL complexes, head-to-tail sequences are not the central feature of molecular aggregation in the DL-DL complexes. Indeed, fundamental differences exist among the aggregation patterns in the LL, the LD, and the DL-DL complexes

Trace element analysis of fly ash samples by EDXRF technique

Trace element analysis of some fly ash samples and soil samples have been carried out by Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence technique. Fourteen elements namely K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, Se, Rb, Sr and Pb have been quantified in the fly ash samples by this technique. It was found that there is no huge concentration difference between the fly ash and soil samples as a result of which fly ash can be used as soil manure without any adverse impact on the plants.Trace element analysis of fly ash samples by EDXRF technique T R Rautray1*, B Behera1, T Badapanda1, V Vijayan2 and S Panigrahi1 1Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela-769 008, Orissa, India 2Department of Physics, Valliammai Engineering College, SRM Nagar, Chennai-603 203, Tamil Nadu, India E-mail : [email protected] of Physics, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela-769 008, Orissa, India 2Department of Physics, Valliammai Engineering College, SRM Nagar, Chennai-603 203, Tamil Nadu, Indi

Rice area mapping in Palakkad district of Kerala using Sentinel-2 data and Geographic information system technique

Proper calculation of rice cultivation area well before harvest is critical for projecting rice yields and developing policies to assure food security. This research looks at how Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) can be used to map rice fields in Palakkad district of Kerala. The area was delineated using three multi-temporal cloud free Sentinel-2 data with 10 m spatial resolution, matching to crop's reproductive stage during mundakan season (September-October to December-January), 2020-21. To make classification easier, the administrative boundary of district was placed over the mosaicked image. The rice acreage estimation and land use classification of the major rice tract of Palakkad district comprising five blocks was done using Iterative Self-Organisation Data Analysis Technique (ISODATA) unsupervised classification provision in ArcGIS 10.1 software, employing False Colour Composite (FCC) including Blue (B2), Green (B3), Red (B4) and Near-infrared (B8) Bands of Sentinel-2 images. The classification accuracy was determined by locating a total of 60 validation points throughout the district, comprising 30 rice and 30 non-rice points. The total estimated area was 24742.76 ha, with an average accuracy of 88.33% and kappa coefficient 0.766 in five blocks of Palakkad district. The information generated will be helpful in assessing the anticipated production as well as the water demand of the rice fields